Table 2.
Prevalence rates of swallowing ability, nutritional status, and chewing ability among nursing home residents between year 2007 and 2013
| Total | 2007 | 2013 | OR (95% CI)a | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Swallowing ability | |||||
| Oropharyngeal dysphagiab | 712/4770 (14.9) | 444/2740 (16.2) | 268/2030 (13.2) | 0.79 (0.66–0.95) | 0.010 |
| Clinical signs of aspirationc | 403/4737 (8.5) | 254/2720 (9.3) | 149/2017 (7.4) | 0.76 (0.61–0.96) | 0.020 |
| Nutritional status | |||||
| Reduced nutrition intaked | 767/4752 (16.1) | 417/2728 (15.3) | 350/2024 (17.3) | 1.23 (1.04–1.46) | 0.013 |
| Artificial nutrition | 2.57 (1.21–5.44) | 0.014 | |||
| PEG tube | 33/4590 (0.7) | 12/2658 (0.5) | 21/1932 (1.1) | 3.00 (1.34–6.75) | 0.008 |
| Nasogastric tube | 17/4611 (0.4) | 6/2676 (0.2) | 11/1935 (0.6) | 3.34 (1.02–10.90) | 0.046 |
| Chewing ability | |||||
| Good | 3118/4875 (64.0) | 1775/2782 (63.8) | 1343/2093 (64.2) | 1.00 (0.87–1.15) | 1.000 |
| Quite good | 1199/4875 (24.6) | 686/2782 (24.7) | 513/2093 (24.5) | 1.03 (0.89–1.17) | 0.680 |
| Poor | 558/4875 (11.4) | 321/2782 (11.5) | 237/2093 (11.3) | 1.08 (0.88–1.32) | 0.475 |
Data are given as n (%)
PEG percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval
aAdjusted for age, sex, cognition, and activity of daily living
bDefined as difficulty in swallowing or showing clinical signs of aspiration during a meal within the last month as observed by a caregiver
cDefined as misdirected swallowing during a meal within the last month as observed by a caregiver
dRefers to reduced nutritional intake the last 3 months