Table 1.
Studies examining the cellular localization ofTSPO in brain cells.
| Reference | Disease Model | Age/Time Point | Brain Regions | TSPO Cellular Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tournier et al. (2019) |
Alzheimer’s
Disease |
|||
| 3xTgAD mouse | 1, 6, 12, 21 months | Anterior dorsal hippocampus Subiculum Dorsal hippocampus Ventral hippocampus |
21 month mice: Microglia (main source) Astrocytes (less) |
|
| Human tissue | Choroid plexus | Epithelium Endothelial cells (some) |
||
| Tournier et al. (2020) |
Alzheimer’s
Disease |
|||
| TgF334-AD rat | 12 months 24 months |
Hippocampus Cortex Striatum Cerebellum Rest of brain |
12 months: — Microglia ↑ Astrocytes — Endothelial cells 24 months: ↑ Microglia ↑ Astrocytes — Endothelial cells |
|
| Human tissue | Avg age: Control 85.6 years AD 89.1 years |
Temporal Cortex | ↑ Microglia ↑ Astrocytes — Endothelial cells |
|
| Gui, Marks, Das, Hyman, and Serrano-Pozo (2020) |
Alzheimer’s
Disease |
|||
| Human tissue | Multiple Ages | Temporal Pole Temporal Association Cortex Frontal Association Cortex Cerebellum |
↑ Microglia ↑ Astrocytes — Endothelial Cells — Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells |
|
| Ji et al. (2021) |
Alzheimer’s
Disease |
|||
| PS19 mouse | Hippocampus | ↑ Microglia ↑ Astrocytes |
||
| Human tissue | Frontal Cortex | ↑ Microglia ↑ Astrocytes |
||
| Nacket al.(2019) |
Multiple Sclerosis Cuprizone mouse |
1, 3, 5 wks Cuprizone | Corpus Callosum Cortex |
Microglia (most) Astrocytes (1/3) |
| Zinnhardt et al. (2019) |
Multiple Sclerosis Cuprizone mouse |
4 wks Cuprizone -demyelination 6 wks Cuprizone -remyelination (spontaneous) |
Corpus Callosum Hippocampus Thalamus |
Microglia: ↑ 4 wks; ↓ 6 wks Astrocytes: ↑ 4 wks; ↑↑ 6 wks |
| Nutma et al. (2019) |
Multiple Sclerosis Human tissue |
Multiple Ages | Multiple (areas with lesions) Normal appearing white matter (NAWM) |
Microglia: 11–14 fold ↑ in active lesion/chronic active rim; 16–21 |
| Normal appearing white matter (NAWM) |
fold ↑ in number from NAWM | |||
| Normal appearing gray matter (NAGM) |
Astrocytes: 15–20 fold ↑ in all lesion subtypes; 5–7 fold ↑ in number from NAWM |
|||
| Total TSPO+ cells in active lesions/chronic active rims: 40% microglia/macrophages 25% astrocytes <5% vascular endothelial cells <1% lymphocytes |
||||
| TSPO+ cells in center of chronic active and in active lesions: 65% TSPO+GFAP+ astrocytes |
||||
| Pannell et al. (2020) |
Neuroinflammation AdTNF Injection - mouse |
Day 3, Day 5 post AdTNF intracranial injection |
Striatum Cortex |
Microglia: ↑ Day 5 Astrocytes: ↑ Day 3 Endothelial cells: No +TSPO |
| Vicente-Rodriguez et al. (2021) |
Neuroinflammation LPS Injection - rat |
Adult | Hippocampus Substantia Nigra |
↑ Microglia ↑ Astrocytes |