Table 3. Cerebral Microbleeds (CMBs) in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and Nondemented (ND) Subjects.
Table 3 lists selected studies that show CMB incidences in AD and ND subjects. References: (Brundel, et al., 2012; Doi, et al., 2014; Duits, et al., 2015; Goos, et al., 2012; Hanyu, Tanaka, Shimizu, Takasaki, & Abe, 2003; Kester, et al., 2014; Nagasawa, et al., 2014; Pettersen, et al., 2008; Uetani, et al., 2013).
| Study | Age (ND) | Age (AD) | N (ND) | N (AD) | MRI Settings | CMBs (ND, %) | CMBs (AD, %) | Fold-change (AD / ND) | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||||||||
| Hanyu et al. (2003) | 75.6 | 6.6 | 77.3 | 6.5 | 55 | 59 | T2* GRE (1.5 T) | 7% | 68% | 9.32 | < 0.01 |
| Pettersen et al. (2008) | - | - | - | - | 25 | 80 | T2* GRE (1.5 T) | 12% | 29% | 2.4 | - |
| Brundel et al. (2012) | 72 | 4.5 | 74.3 | 8.6 | 18 | 18 | T2*GRE (7.0 T) | 57% | 78% | 1.36 | < 0.05 |
| Goos et al. (2012) | 65 | 6 | 67 | 6 | 22 | 52 | T2* GRE (3.0 T) | 0% | 50% | - | - |
| Uetani et al. (2013) | 54 | 108 | 6 | 24 | 75 | 71 | SWI (3.0 T) | 48% | 22% | 0.46 | < 0.001 |
| Kester et al. (2014) | 254 | 293 | 194 | 143 | 67 | 59 | T2* GRE (1.0, 1.5, 3.0 T) | 21% | 14% | 0.67 | < 0.05 |
| Yates et al. (2014) | 74.2 | 7.3 | 74.6 | 8.4 | 97 | 40 | SWI (3.0 T) | 22% | 43% | 1.96 | < 0.05 |
| Nasagawa et al. (2014) | 59 | 9 | 67 | 8 | 337 | 547 | T2* GRE (1.5 T) | 14% | 21% | 1.53 | - |
| Doi et al. (2015) | - | - | - | - | 18 | 72 | SWI (3.0 T) | 13% | 33% | 2.67 | < 0.05 |
| Duits et al. (2015) | 65 | 6 | 67 | 6 | 26 | 52 | T2* GRE (3.0 T) | 0% | 50% | - | - |
| GRE: Gradient Echo MRI | SWI : Susceptibility-weighted Imaging | ||||||||||