Table 1:
Descriptive characteristics of trials included in the review (N = 1988) (Created by the authors)
| Descriptive item | Frequency (%) unless otherwise indicated |
|---|---|
| Publication year | |
| 2014–2015 | 639 (32.1) |
| 2016–2017 | 760 (38.2) |
| 2018–2019 | 589 (29.6) |
| Journal Impact Factora (N = 1984) | |
| Median (Q1–Q3) | 4.95 (2.98 – 14.15) |
| Min, Max | 0.11, 70.67 |
| Clinical trial start year b | |
| 1998–2010 | 722 (36.3) |
| 2011–2012 | 583 (29.3) |
| 2013–2018 | 683 (34.4) |
| Years from clinical trial start date to publication | |
| Median (Q1–Q3) | 5 (4 – 6) |
| Min, Max | 0, 18 |
| Country of corresponding author * | |
| United States (US) | 993 (49.9) |
| European Union (EU) | 436 (21.9) |
| Canada | 119 (6.0) |
| United Kingdom (UK) | 106 (5.3) |
| Australia or New Zealand | 18 (0.9) |
| Other developed country | 132 (6.6) |
| Low- and Middle-Income Country (LMIC) | 221 (11.1) |
| Country of study conduct * | |
| United States (US) | 866 (43.6) |
| European Union (EU) | 458 (23.0) |
| Canada | 140 (7.0) |
| United Kingdom (UK) | 93 (4.7) |
| Australia or New Zealand | 31 (1.6) |
| Other developed country | 268 (13.5) |
| Low- and Middle-Income Country (LMIC) | 353 (17.8) |
| Not reported or Unclear | 20 (1.0) |
| Setting | |
| Public health | 417 (21.0) |
| Clinical | 1571 (79.0) |
| Intervention type c | |
| Behavioral | 864 (43.5) |
| Drug | 296 (14.9) |
| Device | 130 (6.5) |
| Procedure | 106 (5.3) |
| Biological | 38 (1.9) |
| Dietary Supplement | 36 (1.8) |
| Radiation | 3 (0.2) |
| Diagnostic | 3 (0.2) |
| Combination Product | 3 (0.2) |
| Genetic | 1 (0.1) |
| Other | 508 (25.6) |
| Primary purpose d | |
| Treatment | 766 (38.5) |
| Prevention | 515 (25.9) |
| Health Services Research | 357 (18.0) |
| Supportive Care | 175 (8.8) |
| Diagnostic | 67 (3.4) |
| Screening | 58 (2.9) |
| Other | 50 (2.5) |
| Self-identified as pragmatic in full text? | |
| Yes | 419 (21.1) |
| No | 1569 (78.9) |
| Trial design | |
| Individually randomised | 1300 (65.4) |
| Cluster randomised | 688 (34.6) |
| Types of interventions in cluster randomised trials* (N = 688) | |
| Individual-cluster | 388 (56.4) |
| Professional-cluster | 250 (36.3) |
| Cluster-cluster | 283 (41.1) |
| External-cluster | 53 (7.7) |
| Mutually exclusive groupings of cluster randomised trial, based on types of interventions (N = 688) | |
| No professional-level or cluster-level interventions | 278 (40.4) |
| Professional-level intervention, possibly other interventions, no cluster-level interventions | 127 (18.5) |
| At least some cluster-level interventions | 283 (41.1) |
*
Does not sum to 100% as a single study can belong to multiple categories.
a
Impact factors for 65 trials were imputed using the SCImago Journal & Country Rank or Google search as of January 2, 2021; impact factors could not be found for 4 trials.
b
CT.gov data missing for 7 trials and were obtained from the manuscript.
c
CT.gov data missing for 14 trials and classified using information from the manuscript.
d
CT.gov data missing for 77 trials and classified using information from the manuscript.