Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of the sampled college students
| Variables | T1 N (%) | T2 N (%) | T3 N (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | |||
| Male | 60,456(36.84%) | 55,484(37.40%) | 60,270(37.86%) |
| Female | 103,645(63.16%) | 92,859(62.60%) | 98,917(62.14%) |
| Grade | |||
| Freshman year | 51,963(31.67%) | 47,665(32.10%) | 50,452(31.69%) |
| Sophomore year | 46,110(28.10%) | 41,685(28.10%) | 45,600(28.65%) |
| Junior year | 38,656(23.56%) | 33,522(22.60%) | 35,107(22.05%) |
| Senior year | 20,740(12.64%) | 17,008(11.47%) | 19,091(11.99%) |
| Graduate students | 6632(4.04%) | 8463(5.71%) | 8937(5.61%) |
| Residence | |||
| Rural area | - | 59,587(40.20%) | 59,209(37.19%) |
| Town | - | 41,782(28.20%) | 45,084(28.32%) |
| Small and medium-sized cities | - | 29,408(19.80%) | 33,158(20.83%) |
| Major cities | - | 17,566(11.80%) | 21,736(13.65%) |
| Major physical health problem | |||
| Yes | 822(0.50%) | 942(0.64%) | 531(0.33%) |
| No | 163,279(99.50%) | 147,401(99.36%) | 158,656(99.67%) |
| Self-perceived physical health | |||
| Good | 155,257(94.6%) | 141,501(95.4%) | 151,965(95.5%) |
| Average | 8632(5.3%) | 6651(4.5%) | 6834(4.3%) |
| Poor | 212(0.1%) | 191(0.1%) | 388(0.2%) |
| Mental illness | |||
| Yes | 1432(0.87%) | 1359(0.92%) | 1287(0.81%) |
| No | 162,669(99.13%) | 146,984(99.08%) | 157,900(99.19%) |
| Self-perceived mental health | |||
| Good | 149,251(91.0%) | 131,097(88.4%) | 139,526(87.6%) |
| Average | 14,004(8.5%) | 16,136(10.9%) | 17,579(11.0%) |
| Poor | 846(0.5%) | 1110(0.7%) | 2082(1.4%) |
| Ever received counseling from a professional | |||
| Yes | 7845(4.78%) | 7402(4.99%) | 7953(5.00%) |
| No | 156,256(95.22%) | 140,941(95.01%) | 151,234(95.00%) |
| Psychological assistance since the outbreak | |||
| Yes | 760(0.46%) | 811(0.55%) | 1047(0.66%) |
| No | 163,341(99.54%) | 147,532(99.45%) | 158,140(99.34%) |
| COVID-19 prevention beliefs | |||
| Yes | 157,846(96.19%) | 145,211(97.89%) | 155,518(97.70%) |
| No | 6255(3.81%) | 3132(2.11%) | 3669(2.30%) |
| COVID-19 curative beliefs | |||
| Yes | 158,790(96.76%) | 144,900(97.68%) | 154,280(96.92%) |
| No | 5311(3.24%) | 3443(2.32%) | 4907(3.08%) |
| Implement COVID-19 preventive actions | |||
| Yes | 157,609(96.04%) | 145,118(97.83%) | 155,803(97.87%) |
| No | 6492(3.96%) | 3225(2.17%) | 3384(2.13%) |
| Social media exposure | |||
| < 1 h/Day | 62,786(38.3%) | 92,239(62.2%) | 116,090(72.9%) |
| 1–2 h/Day | 75,073(45.7%) | 47,520(32.0%) | 37,791(23.8%) |
| > 2 h/Day | 26,242(16.0%) | 8584(5.8%) | 5306(3.3%) |
| YSIS | |||
| Q1 | 47,661(29.0%) | 45,344(30.6%) | 40,858(25.7%) |
| Q2 | 36,085(22.0%) | 36,664(24.7%) | 43,876(27.6%) |
| Q3 | 43,401(26.4%) | 31,069(20.9%) | 36,205(22.7%) |
| Q4 | 36,954(22.5%) | 35,266(23.8%) | 38,248(24.0%) |
| PHQ-8 | |||
| Q1 | 47,252(28.8%) | 41,350(27.9%) | 37,321(23.4%) |
| Q2 | 46,539(28.4%) | 34,626(23.3%) | 42,305(26.6%) |
| Q3 | 34,395(21.0%) | 41,448(27.9%) | 60,485(38.0%) |
| Q4 | 35,915(21.9%) | 30,919(20.8%) | 19,076(12.0%) |
| GAD-7 | |||
| Q1 | 0 | 73,566(49.6%) | 70,818(44.5%) |
| Q2 | 83,942(51.2%) | 14,907(10.0%) | 13,524(8.5%) |
| Q3 | 40,592(24.7%) | 23,848(16.1%) | 41,908(26.3%) |
| Q4 | 39,567(24.1%) | 36,022(24.3%) | 32,937(20.7%) |
Variables including family residence were not measured at T1 and are represented by “- “. YSIS represents the total score of the Youth Self-Rating Insomnia Scale, PHQ-8 represents the total score of the first eight items of the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire depressive symptoms, and GAD-7 represents the total score of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale. Q1 represents the first quartile, Q2 represents the second quartile, Q3 represents the third quartile, and Q4 represents the fourth quartile