Table 2.
Factors associated with suicidal ideation at T1, T2, and T3
| Variables | Category | T1 | T2 | T3 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude OR | 95% Cl | Adj OR | 95% Cl | Crude OR | 95% Cl | Adj OR | 95% Cl | Crude OR | 95% Cl | Adj OR | 95% Cl | ||
| Age | 0.98*** | (0.97,0.99) | 0.97*** | (0.95,0.98) | 0.99* | (0.98,1.00) | 1.00 | (0.98,1.02) | 0.96*** | (0.96,0.97) | 0.97** | (0.96,0.99) | |
| Sex | Female | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
| Male | 1.06** | (1.03,1.10) | 1.44*** | (1.38,1.50) | 1.18** | (1.14,1.22) | 1.42*** | (1.37,1.48) | 1.15*** | (1.12,1.19) | 1.35*** | (1.30,1.40) | |
| Grade | Freshman | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Sophomore | 0.99* | (1.04,1.14) | 1.10*** | (1.04,1.17) | 1.00 | (1.06,1.15) | 1.05 | (0.99,1.11) | 0.97 | (1.05,1.13) | 1.06** | (1.01,1.11) | |
| Junior | 1.11*** | (1.06,1.17) | 1.12*** | (1.05,1.20) | 1.09*** | (1.04,1.14) | 0.94 | (0.87,1.00) | 1.17*** | (1.12,1.21) | 1.04 | (0.98,1.10) | |
| Senior | 1.15*** | (1.09,1.21) | 1.06 | (0.98,1.14) | 1.10*** | (1.05,1.17) | 0.72*** | (0.65,0.78) | 0.80*** | (0.76,0.84) | 0.80*** | (0.74,0.87) | |
| Graduate | 0.61*** | (0.55,0.69) | 0.60*** | (0.51,0.71) | 0.68*** | (0.62,0.74) | 0.49*** | (0.42,0.56) | 0.66*** | (0.62,0.72) | 0.62*** | (0.54,0.70) | |
| Self-perceived physical health | Good | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Average | 3.29*** | (3.11,3.47) | 1.05 | (0.98,1.13) | 3.41*** | (3.22,3.61) | 1.07 | (0.99,1.15) | 3.61*** | (3.42,3.80) | 1.06 | (0.99,1.14) | |
| Poor | 5.53*** | (4.13,7.39) | 1.27 | (0.86,1.85) | 7.91*** | (5.95,0.00) | 1.20 | (0.84,1.72) | 5.52*** | (4.47,0.00) | 0.97 | (0.75,1.24) | |
| Self-perceived mental health | Good | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
| Average | 4.85*** | (4.64,5.06) | 1.44*** | (1.36,1.52) | 4.30*** | (4.14,4.48) | 1.25*** | (1.18,1.31) | 4.20*** | (4.05,4.36) | 1.35*** | (1.29,1.42) | |
| Poor | 15.73*** | (13.72,18.03) | 2.81*** | (2.39,3.29) | 15.13*** | (13.41,17.08) | 2.32*** | (2.01,2.67) | 12.16*** | (11.09,13.34) | 2.25*** | (2.02,2.51) | |
| Major physical health problem | No | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
| Yes | 1.73*** | (1.42,2.11) | 1.33* | (1.03,1.70) | 1.90*** | (1.61,2.24) | 1.37** | (1.10,1.71) | 1.83*** | (1.49,2.23) | 0.96 | (0.74,1.26) | |
| Mental illness | No | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Yes | 4.65*** | (4.15,5.22) | 1.65*** | (1.41,1.92) | 3.62*** | (3.22,4.07) | 1.52*** | (1.30,1.79) | 4.37*** | (3.91,4.89) | 2.09*** | (1.78,2.46) | |
| Ever received counseling from a professional | No | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Yes | 2.74*** | (2.59,2.91) | 1.37*** | (1.27,1.48) | 2.32*** | (2.19,2.46) | 1.23*** | (1.14,1.33) | 2.41*** | (2.29,2.53) | 1.24*** | (1.16,1.33) | |
| Psychological assistance since the outbreak | No | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Yes | 2.20*** | (1.82,2.66) | 1.04 | (0.83,1.31) | 2.81*** | (2.39,3.29) | 1.14 | (0.94,1.40) | 3.13*** | (2.75,3.55) | 1.12 | (0.95,1.33) | |
| Social media exposure | < 1 h/Day | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1–2 h/Day | 0.84*** | (0.81,0.87) | 0.82*** | (0.78,0.86) | 1.11*** | (1.07,1.15) | 0.98 | (0.94,1.03) | 1.13*** | (1.09,1.17) | 1.12*** | (1.07,1.17) | |
| > 2 h/Day | 1.06** | (1.01,1.12) | 0.92*** | (0.87,0.98) | 1.46*** | (1.37,1.56) | 1.20*** | (1.10,1.30) | 1.42*** | (1.31,1.53) | 1.36*** | (1.24,1.50) | |
| Covid-19 prevention beliefs | Yes | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| No | 2.24*** | (2.09,2.40) | 1.19*** | (1.09,1.30) | 2.31*** | (2.12,2.52) | 1.32*** | (1.17,1.48) | 2.29*** | (2.12,2.48) | 1.34*** | (1.21,1.49) | |
| Implement Covid-19 preventive actions | Yes | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| No | 2.22*** | (2.07,2.37) | 1.30*** | (1.19,1.41) | 2.37*** | (2.18,2.58) | 1.36*** | (1.21,1.52) | 2.25*** | (2.08,2.44) | 1.35*** | (1.22,1.50) | |
| Covid-19 curative beliefs | Yes | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| No | 2.19*** | (2.03,2.36) | 1.20*** | (1.09,1.32) | 2.18*** | (2.00,2.37) | 1.14** | (1.03,1.27) | 2.08*** | (1.95,2.23) | 1.22*** | (1.12,1.33) | |
| YSIS | Q1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Q2 | 2.17*** | (2.00,2.35) | 0.96 | (0.88,1.05) | 2.33*** | (2.17,2.51) | 0.76*** | (0.69,0.83) | 2.40*** | (2.23,2.59) | 0.79*** | (0.73,0.86) | |
| Q3 | 4.46*** | (4.15,4.79) | 0.87*** | (0.80,0.94) | 6.35*** | (5.93,6.79) | 0.80*** | (0.73,0.87) | 7.65*** | (7.16,8.18) | 1.00 | (0.92,1.08) | |
| Q4 | 12.79*** | (11.94,13.69) | 0.92* | (0.85,1.00) | 13.43*** | (12.59,14.32) | 0.67*** | (0.62,0.73) | 13.40*** | (12.56,14.30) | 0.81*** | (0.74,0.88) | |
| PHQ-8 | Q1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Q2 | 5.18*** | (4.32,6.21) | 3.44*** | (2.85,4.14) | 5.02*** | (4.02,6.26) | 4.18*** | (3.34,5.24) | 3.60*** | (2.89,4.48) | 2.51*** | (2.03,3.11) | |
| Q3 | 19.92*** | (16.78,23.64) | 7.28*** | (6.06,8.75) | 30.77*** | (25.14,37.65) | 12.36*** | (9.96,15.35) | 23.02*** | (18.97,27.94) | 11.57*** | (9.42,14.22) | |
| Q4 |
149.88 *** |
(126.86,177.09) |
29.85 *** |
(24.86,35.84) |
303.00 *** |
(248.20,369.90) |
59.90 *** |
(48.17,74.49) |
254.56 *** |
(210.35,308.06) |
10.63 *** |
(8.61,13.12) | |
| GAD-7 | Q1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Q2 | - | - | - | - | 3.27*** | (2.89,3.69) | 1.62*** | (1.43,1.84) | 5.31*** | (4.66,6.06) | 2.72*** | (2.38,3.11) | |
| Q3 | 5.46*** | (5.01,5.95) | 2.43*** | (2.22,2.66) | 7.24*** | (6.61,7.94) | 2.37*** | (2.14,2.62) | 10.16*** | (9.15,11.28) | 5.28*** | (4.75,5.87) | |
| Q4 |
44.49 *** |
(41.26,47.97) |
8.08 *** |
(7.41,8.82) |
64.69 *** |
(59.83,69.96) |
9.32 *** |
(8.49,10.22) |
101.11 *** |
(92.05,111.06) |
44.82 *** |
(40.33,49.80) | |
***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05. YSIS represents the total score of the Youth Self-Rating Insomnia Scale, PHQ-8 represents the total score of the first eight items of the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire depressive symptoms, and GAD-7 represents the total score of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale. Q1 represents the first quartile, Q2 represents the second quartile, Q3 represents the third quartile, and Q4 represents the fourth quartile