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. 2022 May 14;15:50. doi: 10.1186/s13068-022-02150-w

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4 — Workflow of the droplet-based microfluidic screening. a Droplet generation. Cells were encapsulated in microdroplets together with the substrate FCB using an appropriate cell to droplet ratio. b Droplet incubation. The emulsion was incubated off-chip in a syringe to allow cell growth, cellulase expression, and fluorescence signal development. c Droplet reinjection. After incubation, the emulsion droplets were reinjected into a sorting device. d Droplet fluorescence detection. The fluorescence signal of each droplet was detected and analyzed by the optical setup. e Droplet sorting. Droplets were sorted based on resulting fluorescence using dielectrophoresis