Table 2.
Comparisons of characteristics between Survivors and Non–survivors
| Variable | Survivors (n = 2841) | Non–survivors (n = 19) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y) | 67.7 ± 12.1 | 81.2 ± 8.6 | < 0.001* |
| Male, n (%) | 1927 (67.8) | 7 (36.8) | 0.002* |
| White, n (%) | 2249 (79.2) | 12 (63.2) | 0.088 |
| Body mass index, Kg/m2 | 28.9 ± 6.0 | 28.8 ± 6.3 | 0.986 |
| Ventilation, n (%) | 2428 (85.5) | 11 (57.9) | 0.001* |
| SOFA | 5(3–7) | 6(4–8) | 0.109 |
| SAPS II | 36.8 ± 12.5 | 51.2 ± 13.5 | < 0.001* |
| SIRS | 2.8 ± 0.9 | 3.2 ± 0.9 | 0.077 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| COPD, n (%) | 20 (0.7) | 0 (0) | > 0.999 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 1780 (62.7) | 6 (31.6) | 0.005* |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 910 (32.0) | 7 (36.8) | 0.654 |
| AG initial (mEq/L) | 11.3 ± 2.6 | 15.8 ± 4.1 | < 0.001* |
| AGmax (mEq/L) | 12.9 ± 3.3 | 21.9 ± 8.2 | < 0.001* |
| ΔAG (mEq/L) | 2 (1–5) | 7 (4–15) | < 0.001* |
| ΔNa + (mEq/L) | 7 (5–9) | 13 (5–20) | 0.012* |
| ΔCl − (mEq/L) | 4 (3–7) | 4 (0–9) | < 0.001* |
| ΔHCO3 − (mEq/L) | 7 (5–9) | 14 (7–19) | < 0.001* |
| Postoperative complications, n (%) | |||
| AKF | 381 (13.4) | 11 (57.9) | < 0.001* |
| Acidosis | 146 (5.1) | 4 (21.1) | 0.015* |
| Arrhythmia | 1175 (41.4) | 13 (68.4) | 0.017* |
| Acute respiratory failure | 151 (5.3) | 5 (26.3) | 0.003* |
| Pneumonia | 26 (0.9) | 2 (10.5) | 0.014* |
| Pulmonary embolism | 21 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) | > 0.999 |
| Laboratory indexes on POD1 | |||
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.9 (0.8–1.2) | 1.5 (0.8–2.2) | 0.001* |
| Urea nitrogen (mg/dL) | 19 (14–26) | 38 (22–63) | < 0.001* |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 127.6 ± 18.9 | 144.2 ± 51.8 | < 0.001* |
| pH | 7.40 ± 0.06 | 7.31 ± 0.13 | < 0.001* |
| Base excess (mEq/L) | 1 (0–3) | − 1 (− 9–1) | < 0.001* |
| Lactate (mmol/L) | 1.3 (1–1.6) | 1.7 (1.4–2.8) | 0.002* |
SOFA sequential organ failure assessment, SAPSII simplified acute physiology score II, SIRS systemic inflammatory response syndrome, AKF acute kidney failure, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, AG anion gap