Table 1.
Sample characteristics.
| N | % | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | Male | 849 | 23.7% |
| Female | 2738 | 76.3% | |
| Age (Median; IQI) | 29.0 | 19.0 | |
| Education | Primary or secondary | 339 | 9.5% |
| Undergraduate | 1301 | 36.3% | |
| Graduate | 665 | 18.5% | |
| Postgraduate | 1282 | 35.7% | |
| Ethnicity | White | 3069 | 85.6% |
| Non-white | 518 | 14.4% | |
| Marital status | Single. divorced or widowed | 2274 | 63.4% |
| Married or stable relationship | 1313 | 36.6% | |
| Living arrangement | With family or partner | 2647 | 73.8% |
| With other people | 413 | 11.5% | |
| Alone | 527 | 14.7% | |
| Occupation | Health worker | 653 | 18.2% |
| Worker | 1280 | 35.7% | |
| Student | 1317 | 36.7% | |
| Unemployed | 194 | 5.4% | |
| Retired | 143 | 4.0% | |
| Family income (minimum salariesa) | 1 or less | 231 | 6.4% |
| 1 to 2 | 457 | 12.7% | |
| 2 to 8 | 1667 | 46.5% | |
| 8 to 11 | 470 | 13.1% | |
| 11 or more | 762 | 21.2% | |
| Social distancing | No | 463 | 14.1% |
| Yes, alone | 328 | 10.0% | |
| Yes, accompanied | 2486 | 75.9% | |
| Financial indebtednessb | Improbable | 1226 | 37.4% |
| Possible | 1366 | 41.7% | |
| Highly probable | 434 | 13.2% | |
| Already in debt | 252 | 7.7% | |
| Clinical comorbidity of risk | Any | 989 | 29.5% |
| Diabetes mellitus | 70 | 2.1% | |
| High blood pressure | 237 | 7.1% | |
| Respiratory problems | 402 | 12.0% | |
| HIV/AIDS | 18 | 0.5% | |
| Cancer | 41 | 1.2% | |
| Cardiovascular problems | 61 | 1.8% | |
| Obesity | 341 | 10.2% | |
| Use of immune suppressor | 76 | 2.3% | |
| COVID-19 | Flu-like syndromec | 56 | 1.7% |
| Suspected or confirmedd | 60 | 1.8% | |
| COVID-related trauma | Any | 200 | 6.1% |
| Living with person that had COVID-19 | 66 | 2.0% | |
| Had distancing of close person due to COVID-19 | 54 | 1.6% | |
| Someone close was hospitalized due to COVID-19 | 67 | 2.0% | |
| Loss of relative due to COVID-19 | 17 | 0.5% | |
| Loss of close person due to COVID-19 | 26 | 0.8% | |
| Abuse/violence after the onset of pandemic | Any | 395 | 12.8% |
| Emotional abuse | 388 | 12.6% | |
| Sexual abuse | 5 | 0.2% | |
| Physical violence | 28 | 0.9% | |
| Current psychological or psychiatric treatment | No | 2258 | 67.3% |
| Treatment maintained during pandemic | 576 | 17.2% | |
| Treatment interrupted during pandemic | 523 | 15.6% | |
| Substance use | Tobacco | 279 | 8.3% |
| Benzodiazepinese | 263 | 7.3% | |
| Opioidse | 131 | 3.7% | |
| Cannabisf | 446 | 13.3% | |
| Cocaine, ecstasy or LSDf | 172 | 5.1% | |
| Risk of alcohol dependence (AUDIT-C) | No risk/low | 1859 | 55.4% |
| Moderate | 1045 | 31.1% | |
| High | 285 | 8.5% | |
| Severe | 168 | 5.0% | |
| Stress (DASS-21) | Normal | 1302 | 41.6% |
| Mild | 406 | 13.0% | |
| Moderate | 553 | 17.7% | |
| Severe | 531 | 17.0% | |
| Extremely severe | 340 | 10.9% | |
| Anxiety (DASS-21) | Normal | 1495 | 47.7% |
| Mild | 237 | 7.6% | |
| Moderate | 569 | 18.2% | |
| Severe | 269 | 8.6% | |
| Extremely severe | 562 | 17.9% | |
| Depression (DASS-21) | Normal | 1215 | 38.8% |
| Mild | 396 | 12.6% | |
| Moderate | 641 | 20.5% | |
| Severe | 337 | 10.8% | |
| Extremely severe | 543 | 17.3% | |
| PTSD (PCL-5) | Normal | 2271 | 75.5% |
| Probable PTSD | 736 | 24.5% |
Notes.
a
Minimum salary was R$ 1045.00 (corresponding to US$ 192.17 in 04/30/2020).
b
Subjective perception of the probability of financial indebtedness.
c
Flu-like syndrome was considered when participants presented fever plus at least one of: cough, dyspnea, sore throat, or coryza.
d
Suspected COVID-19 according to a medical evaluation. Confirmed COVID-19 by laboratory tests.
e
Use of benzodiazepines or opioids (morphine and derivates) at least once a month, without follow-up by a doctor.
f
Use of cannabis, cocaine, ecstasy or LSD at least once a month.