Table 1.
Comparison of patient characteristics according to treatment modality
| Variable | Total, n (%) (n = 460) | PCT plus DRT, n (%) (n = 244) | PCT alone, n (%) (n = 216) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Demographic features | ||||
| Age (y) | .667 | |||
| <45 | 204 (44.3) | 111 (45.5) | 93 (43.1) | |
| ≥45 | 256 (55.7) | 133 (54.5) | 123 (56.9) | |
| Sex | .417 | |||
| Female | 69 (15.0) | 33 (13.5) | 36 (16.7) | |
| Male | 391(85.0) | 211 (86.5) | 180 (83.3) | |
| Residence | .008 | |||
| Rural | 199 (43.3) | 91 (37.3) | 108 (50.0) | |
| Urban | 261 (56.7) | 153 (62.7) | 108 (50.0) | |
| Employment | .151 | |||
| Unemployed | 87 (18.9) | 38 (15.6) | 49 (22.7) | |
| Employed | 329 (71.5) | 182 (74.6) | 147 (68.1) | |
| Retired | 44 (9.6) | 24 (9.8) | 20 (9.26) | |
| Marital status | .103 | |||
| Unmarried | 12 (2.6) | 10 (4.1) | 2 (0.9) | |
| Married | 448 (97.4) | 234 (95.9) | 214 (99.1) | |
| Education | <.001 | |||
| Low | 74 (16.1) | 25 (10.2) | 49 (22.7) | |
| Medium | 248 (53.9) | 128 (52.5) | 120 (55.6) | |
| High | 138 (30.0) | 91 (37.3) | 47 (21.8) | |
| Insurance status | <.001 | |||
| Uninsured | 244 (53.0) | 99 (40.6) | 145 (67.1) | |
| Insured | 216 (47.0) | 145 (59.4) | 71 (32.9) | |
| Clinical characteristics | ||||
| Karnofsky performance score | .002 | |||
| ≥80 | 319 (69.3) | 185 (75.8) | 134 (62.0) | |
| <80 | 141 (30.7) | 59 (24.2) | 82 (38.0) | |
| Comorbidity | .381 | |||
| No | 322 (70.0) | 166 (68.0) | 156 (72.2) | |
| Yes | 138 (30.0) | 78 (32.0) | 60 (27.8) | |
| Smoking | .331 | |||
| No | 276 (60.0) | 152 (62.3) | 124 (57.4) | |
| Yes | 184 (40.0) | 92 (37.7) | 92 (42.6) | |
| Drinking | .554 | |||
| No | 414 (90.0) | 222 (91.0) | 192 (88.9) | |
| Yes | 46 (10.0) | 22 (9.0) | 24 (11.1) | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | .057 | |||
| <18.5 | 104 (22.6) | 45 (18.4) | 59 (27.3) | |
| 18.5–24 | 258 (56.1) | 141 (57.8) | 117 (54.2) | |
| >24 | 98 (21.3) | 58 (23.8) | 40 (18.5) | |
| Histology | .347 | |||
| II | 18 (3.9) | 12 (4.9) | 6 (2.8) | |
| III | 442 (96.1) | 232 (95.1) | 210 (97.2) | |
| Tumor category | .283 | |||
| T1 | 26 (5.65) | 14 (5.74) | 12 (5.56) | |
| T2 | 58 (12.6) | 27 (11.1) | 31 (14.4) | |
| T3 | 231 (50.2) | 117 (48.0) | 114 (52.8) | |
| T4 | 145(31.5) | 86 (35.2) | 59 (27.3) | |
| Node category | .261 | |||
| N0 | 13 (2.8) | 6 (2.5) | 7 (3.2) | |
| N1 | 74 (16.1) | 41 (16.8) | 33 (15.3) | |
| N2 | 191(41.5) | 110 (45.1) | 81 (37.5) | |
| N3 | 182 (39.6) | 87 (35.7) | 95 (44.0) | |
| Liver metastases | <.001 | |||
| No | 307 (66.7) | 197 (80.7) | 110 (50.9) | |
| Yes | 153 (33.3) | 47 (19.3) | 106 (49.1) | |
| Bone metastases | .184 | |||
| No | 155 (33.7) | 75 (30.7) | 80 (37.0) | |
| Yes | 305 (66.3) | 169 (69.3) | 136 (63.0) | |
| Lung metastases | .062 | |||
| No | 327 (71.1) | 183 (75.0) | 144 (66.7) | |
| Yes | 133 (28.9) | 61 (25.0) | 72 (33.3) | |
| No. of metastatic sites | <.001 | |||
| Single | 303 (65.9) | 189 (77.5) | 114 (52.8) | |
| Multiple | 157 (34.1) | 55 (22.5) | 102 (57.2) | |
| No. of metastatic lesions | <.001 | |||
| Single | 97 (21.1) | 71 (29.1) | 26 (12.0) | |
| Multiple | 363 (78.9) | 173 (70.9) | 190 (88.0) | |
| Alkaline phosphatase (U/L) | <.001 | |||
| <110 | 341 (74.1) | 202 (82.8) | 139 (64.4) | |
| ≥110 | 119 (25.9) | 42 (17.2) | 77 (35.6) | |
| C-reactive protein (g/mL) | .030 | |||
| <3 | 194 (42.2) | 111 (45.5) | 83 (38.4) | |
| ≥3 | 255 (55.4) | 124 (50.8) | 131 (60.6) | |
| Missing | 11 (2.39) | 9 (3.69) | 2 (0.93) | |
| Lactate dehydrogenase (U/L) | <.001 | |||
| <245 | 295 (64.1) | 178 (73.0) | 117 (54.2) | |
| ≥245 | 165 (35.9) | 66 (27.0) | 99 (45.8) | |
| Pretreatment EBV DNA | .005 | |||
| Undetectable | 67 (14.6) | 47 (19.3) | 20 (9.3) | |
| Detectable | 356 (77.4) | 182 (74.6) | 174 (80.5) | |
| Missing | 37 (8.0) | 15 (6.1) | 22 (10.2) | |
| Response to first-line PCT | ||||
| Posttreatment EBV DNA | <.001 | |||
| Undetectable | 240 (52.2) | 156 (63.9) | 84 (28.9) | |
| Detectable | 143 (31.1) | 61 (25.0) | 82 (38.0) | |
| Missing | 77 (16.7) | 27 (11.1) | 50 (23.1) | |
| Response of primary tumor | .770 | |||
| Complete response | 57 (12.4) | 33 (13.5) | 24 (11.1) | |
| Partial response | 376 (81.7) | 198 (81.1) | 178 (82.4) | |
| Stable disease | 18 (3.9) | 8 (3.3) | 10 (4.6) | |
| Progression disease | 9 (2.0) | 5 (2.0) | 4 (1.9) | |
| Response of metastasis | <.001 | |||
| Complete response | 45 (9.8) | 36 (14.8) | 9 (4.2) | |
| Partial response | 252 (54.8) | 138 (56.6) | 114 (52.8) | |
| Stable disease | 107 (23.3) | 57 (23.4) | 50 (23.1) | |
| Progression disease | 56 (12.2) | 13 (5.3) | 43 (19.9) | |
Abbreviations: DRT = definitive radiation therapy; EBV = Epstein—Barr virus; PCT = palliative chemotherapy.