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. 2022 May 16;39(9):110904. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110904

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© 2022 The Author(s)

Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

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Multivariable analysis identifies distinct humoral immune profiles in mild versus severe COVID-19

(A) Scatter matrix chart summarizes the Spearman’s correlation (upper) and the scatterplots (lower) between all analyzed variables using the entire cohort (n = 28). The Spearman’s r values are shown inside the colored squares, and the scale of blue-to-red color indicates a negative-to-positive correlation. The small bar graphs (diagonal) represent the distribution of data for each variable.

(B) Biplot shows the principal component analysis (PCA) depicting the mild-scored (n = 13) and more severe-scored (n = 15) COVID-19 patients, according to their severity scores.

(C) The contribution of each variable to PCA for dimension 1 and 2 is represented by bars, and its threshold is indicated as a red dotted line.

(D and E) Polar plots show the different profiles of humoral response for mild and more severe groups. Each bar in the plot represents the mean of Z scores for each variable.