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. 2022 Jan 13;110(6):649–657. doi: 10.1007/s00223-021-00939-9

Table 2.

Skeletal muscle characteristics for the whole group and according to quartiles of fatty liver index (FLI)

All
n = 403
Fatty liver index (FLI)
Q1
n = 101
Q2
n = 101
Q3
n = 101
Q4
n = 100
p
Radius: muscle density (mg/cm3) 76.21 (± 2.77) 76.96 (± 2.39) 76.58 (± 2.36) 76.42 (± 2.19) 74.92 (± 3.50)  < 0.001
Tibia: muscle density (mg/cm3) 71.51 (± 4.59) 73.05 (± 4.13) 71.85 (± 4.33) 71.06 (± 4.37) 69.85 (± 5.02)  < 0.001
Radius: muscle CSA (cm2) 41.53 (± 6.45) 39.13 (± 6.40) 40.71 (± 5.98) 41.40 (± 5.48) 44.79 (± 6.58)  < 0.001
Tibia: muscle CSA (cm2) 71.24 (± 10.51) 67.84 (± 10.31) 70.84 (± 9.91) 71.32 (± 9.84) 75.41 (± 10.82)  < 0.001
ALM (kg) 26.0 (± 3.8) 24.5 (± 3.5) 26.0 (± 3.8) 25.8 (± 3.2) 27.5 (± 4.0)  < 0.001
ALM/h2 (kg/m2) 8.49 (± 0.94) 8.04 (± 0.85) 8.41 (± 0.92) 8.54 (± 0.79) 8.99 (± 0.95)  < 0.001
Low ALM/h2 16 (4.0%) 9 (8.9%) 3 (2.0%) 3 (2.0%) 2 (2.0%) -
ALM/BMI (m2) 0.95 (± 0.15) 1.04 (± 0.14) 0.98 (± 0.13) 0.91 (± 0.11) 0.85 (± 0.13)  < 0.001
Low ALM/BMI 82 (20.4%) 6 (5.9%) 10 (9.9%) 22 (21.8%) 44 (44.0%)  < 0.001
HGS (kg) 40.1 (± 7.2) 40.5 (± 7.5) 41.2 (± 6.9) 39.3 (± 6.8) 39.3 (± 7.3) 0.179
Low HGS* 111 (27.6%) 27 (27.0%) 20 (19.8%) 31 (30.7%) 33 (33.0%) 0.169
Low HGS and low ALM/h2* 8 (2.0%) 5 (5.0%) 2 (2.0%) 0 (0%) 1 (1.0%) -
Low HGS and low ALM/BMI* 40 (10.0%) 4 (4.0%) 6 (5.9%) 9 (8.9%) 21 (21.0%)  < 0.001

Low values: HGS < 35.5 kg; ALM/h2 (< 6.94 kg/m2), ALM/BMI (< 0.827 m2)

CSA cross-sectional area; ALM appendicular lean mass; BMI body mass index; HGS handgrip strength

*Missing data: radius muscle density and CSA n = 54; tibia muscle density and CSA n = 56; HGS n = 1