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. 2022 May 2;13:843815. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2022.843815

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Depressive and anxiety-like behaviors induced by CCI in rats. Anxiety-like behavior was accessed using both the open field test (OFT) (A–D, K–N) and the elevated plus maze test (EPMT) (E–H, O–R). Depressive-like behavior was accessed using the forced swimming test (FST) (I,J,S,T). (A,K) OFT was performed on days 8 and 29 after CCI surgery; (B,L) Distance traveled in the central zone on OFT; (C,M) Time spent in the central zone on OFT; (D,N) Total distance traveled on OFT; (E,O) EPMT was performed on days 9 and 30 after CCI surgery; (F,P) Distance traveled in the open arms on EPMT; (G,Q) Time spent in the open arms on EPMT; (H,R) Total distance traveled on EPMT; (I,S) FST was performed on days 10 and 31 after CCI surgery; (J,T) Immobility time on FST. All data are expressed as the Mean ± SEM (n = 8 per group). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 vs. sham group.