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. 2022 May 2;13:872047. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.872047

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Copyright © 2022 Lin, Tien, Kuo, Lin, Tsai, Chen, Tsai, Su, Pathak, Yang, Yu, Chuang, Wu, Tsai, Dai, Liao, Chai, Su, Chuang, Liu, Chen, Dou, Chen, Chen, Liao and Yu

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The SΔ19 Rep virus effectively stimulates anti-spike antibodies with neutralizing activity in hamsters. (A) Experimental design of the prime-boost vaccination with VSVΔG/G (control virus), VSVΔG-SΔ19/G (replication-incompetent virus), and SΔ19 Rep in Gold Syrian hamster by intranasal (i.n.) administration (1×10⁶ pfu or ffu/hamster; n=5-6). Body weight of vaccinated hamsters was monitored periodically (B). Serum samples collected from 3 and 7 weeks post-vaccination were subjected to ELISA for anti-spike specific IgG antibody (C), the VSVΔG-Spike pseudovirus-based neutralization assay (D), the RBD-hACE2 interaction competition assay (E), the SARS-CoV-2 neutralization assay (F), and the the S^variant EM-LvFluc viruses-based neutralization assay (G). (H) Lung sections obtained from hamsters infected with VSVΔG/G or SΔ19 Rep (1×10⁶ pfu or ffu/hamster; i.n.) at 20 hrs post-infection were stained with anti-S antibodies and counterstained with DAPI. **P < 0.01. Scale bar: 20 μm.