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. 2022 May 2;13:872047. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.872047

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Copyright © 2022 Lin, Tien, Kuo, Lin, Tsai, Chen, Tsai, Su, Pathak, Yang, Yu, Chuang, Wu, Tsai, Dai, Liao, Chai, Su, Chuang, Liu, Chen, Dou, Chen, Chen, Liao and Yu

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Prime-boost SΔ19 Rep vaccination protects hamsters from SARS-CoV-2 infection. (A) Experimental design of the prime-boost vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 challenge (1×10⁵ TCID₅₀/hamster; i.n.) in hamsters. (B) Body weight loss post-SARS-CoV-2 challenge. (C) The virus titers of SARS-CoV-2 in the lung at 3 dpi were detected by TCID₅₀ assay. (D) Viral RNA transcripts of E and N genes in the lung (3 dpi) were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. (E) Viral N protein expression in the lung (3 dpi) was detected by immunohistochemistry and quantified using ImageJ software. Scale bar: 100 μm. (F) H&E staining of lung tissue at 6 dpi. Scale bar: 500 μm (40X) and 100 μm (200X). *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01.