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. 2022 May 2;13:872047. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.872047

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Copyright © 2022 Lin, Tien, Kuo, Lin, Tsai, Chen, Tsai, Su, Pathak, Yang, Yu, Chuang, Wu, Tsai, Dai, Liao, Chai, Su, Chuang, Liu, Chen, Dou, Chen, Chen, Liao and Yu

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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A single dose SΔ19 Rep vaccination induces effective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infection. (A) Experimental design of a single dose vaccination (1×10⁶ pfu or ffu/hamster; i.n.; n=10) and SARS-CoV-2 challenge (1×10⁵ TCID₅₀/hamster; i.n.). (B) Body weight loss post-SARS-CoV-2 challenge. SARS-CoV-2 virus titer (C), viral RNA (D), and N protein expression (E) in the lung at 3 dpi were assessed. Scale bar: 20 μm. (F) H&E staining of lung tissue (3, 6, and 9 dpi). Scale bar: 500 μm (40X) and 100 μm (200X). *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01.