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. 2022 May 2;14:829049. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.829049

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Copyright © 2022 Cao, Abulaban, Baranowski, Wang, Bai, Lin, Shen, Zhang and Arendash.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The significant inverse correlation between plasma baseline GCSF levels and baseline ADAS-cog scores in individual AD subjects. Lower baseline GCSF levels were evident in individual AD subjects having poorer (higher) baseline ADAS-cog scores (Group 1, red-filled circles), while higher baseline GCSF levels were found in individual AD subjects with better (lower) baseline ADAS-cog scores (Group 2, green-filled points). This inverse correlation was present for seven of the eight cytokines measures in plasma.