Table 2.
Factors associated with unvaccinated status for COVID-19
| Variables | Unvaccinated (n = 144) | Vaccinated (n = 85) | P-value | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analyses | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds ratio (95% CI) | P-value | Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | P-value | ||||
| Male, (%) | 110 (76.4) | 62 (72.9) | 0.67 | 1.20 (0.65–2.22) | 0.56 | ||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 57.4 (11.8) | 56.3 (12.8) | 0.52 | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) | 0.52 | ||
| Systemic hypertension, (%) | 27 (18.8) | 13 (15.3) | 0.63 | 1.28 (0.62–2.64) | 0.51 | ||
| Type II Diabetes, (%) | 26 (18.1) | 8 (9.4) | 0.11 | 2.12 (0.91–4.93) | 0.08 | ||
| Etiology of cirrhosis, (%) | |||||||
| Viral | 96 (66.7) | 53 (62.4) | 0.30 | 1.44 (7.08–0.29) | 0.83 | ||
| Alcohol | 13 (9.0) | 4 (4.7) | |||||
| AIH | 9 (6.2) | 4 (4.7) | |||||
| Cholestasis | 7 (4.9) | 3 (3.5) | |||||
| Others | 10 (6.9) | 12 (14.1) | |||||
| Multi | 9 (6.2) | 9 (10.6) | |||||
| Experience of acute deterioration, (%) | |||||||
| Ascites (Grade II–III) | 119 (82.6) | 70 (82.4) | 1.00 | 1.02 (0.50–2.06) | 0.96 | ||
| GEVB | 14 (9.7) | 4 (4.7) | 0.27 | 2.18 (0.69–6.86) | 0.18 | ||
| HEa | 16 (11.1) | 2 (2.4) | 0.03 | 5.19 (1.16–23.15) | 0.03 | 5.61 (1.24–25.4) | 0.025 |
| Bacterial/fungal infection | 31 (21.5) | 15 (17.6) | 0.60 | 1.28 (0.65–2.54) | 0.48 | ||
| AKI | 13 (9.0) | 6 (7.1) | 0.78 | 1.31 (0.48–3.58) | 0.60 | ||
| ACLFa | 23 (16.0) | 5 (5.9) | 0.04 | 3.04 (1.11–8.33) | 0.03 | 3.13 (1.12–8.69) | 0.029 |
| LT recipient (%)a | 29 (20.1) | 8 (9.4) | 0.05 | 2.43 (1.05–5.59) | 0.04 | 2.47 (1.06–5.76) | 0.037 |
| Current living area (%) | |||||||
| Rural | 54 (37.8) | 41 (48.2) | 0.16 | 0.65 (0.38–1.12) | 0.12 | ||
| Shanghaib | 71 (49.3) | 24 (28.2) | < 0.01 | 2.47 (1.39–4.39) | < 0.01 | 2.55 (1.41–4.59) | 0.002 |
Values are number (%) for categorical variables and mean (SD) for continuous variables
Odds ratio was determined by the logistic regression analysis taking “Unvaccinated status” as outcome
aOdds ratio was adjusted by residence in Shanghai in the multivariate analyses
bOdds ratio was adjusted by the experience of HE, ACLF and LT in the multivariate analyses
AIH auto-immune hepatitis, GEVB gastro-esophageal varices bleeding, HE hepatic encephalopathy, AKI acute kidney injury, ACLF acute-on-chronic liver failure, LT liver transplant, SD: Standard deviation