Table 1B.

Characteristics of12 depression/depressive symptom instruments.

Instrument	Developed to measure:	Items	Scoring per item	Interpretation of score	Cronbach's α	Subscales
Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI)-I (1961)/1A (1979) (34)	Cognitive, affective, somatic and vegetative symptoms of depression	21	0 not at all 1 mildly 2 moderately 3 severely	0-9 indicates minimal depression 10-18 indicates mild depression 19-29 indicates moderate depression 30-63 indicates severe depression	0.79-0.90 (35)	Cognitive-affective and Somatic-performance
BDI-II (1996) (11)	Cognitive, affective, somatic and vegetative symptoms of depression	21	0 not at all 1 mildly 2 moderately 3 severely	0-13 minimal range 14-19 mild depression 20-28 moderate depression 29-63 severe depression	0.93	Cognitive Affective Somatic
BDI- primary care (PC) / Fast-screen (FS) (2000)	Cognitive, affective, somatic and vegetative symptoms of depression	7	0 not at all 1 mildly 2 moderately 3 severely	0-3 minimal 4-8 mild depression 9-12 moderate depression 13-21 severe depression	0.85-0.89	Cognitive Affective
HADS	Anxiety and depression	7*	0-3 Likert scale	0-7 normal 8-10 mild 11-15 moderate 16+ severe	0.82 (36)	Anxiety Depression
SDS (30)	Depression severity	20	1 A little of the time 2 some of the time 3 good part of the time 4 most of the time	25-49 Normal 50-59 Mild to moderate 60-69 moderate to severe 70 and over Severe a score of 50 and higher suggests clinically significant symptoms.	0.68 (37)	none
Multiphasic Minnesota Personality Inventory (MMPI) short form (38)	Feelings of flow mood, lack of energy, suicidal ideation and other depressive features	26#	0 not at all 1 a little of the time 2 some of the time 3 a good deal of the time 4 almost all of the time	Very high scores may indicate depression, while moderate scores tend to reveal a general dissatisfaction with one's life.	0.53 (38)	Depression Psychasthenia Anxiety
PHQ-9 (33)	Depressed mood	9	0 Not at all 1 Several days a week 2 more than half the days 3 Nearly every day	≤ 4 minimal depression 5-9 mild depression 10-14 suggests moderate depression 15-19 moderately severe depression 20+ severe depression	0.86-0.89 (39)	none
CES-D (31)	Depressive symptoms and feelings	20	0 rarely or none of the time 1 Some or little of the time 2 moderately or much of the time 3 most or almost all the time	>16 suspect for a clinical depression	0.85 (40)	none
Symptom Checklist-90-revised (SCL90R) depression subscale (29)	Emotional distress	13**	0 Not at all 1 a little bit 2 Moderately 3 Quite a bit 4 Extremely	A higher score indicates more psychological distress	0.84 (41)	none

^* The 7 out of 14 questions regarding depression.

^**The 13 out of 90 items regarding depression. #26 out of 370 questions regarding depression.