Table 5.
Outcomes of studies using other questionnaires to measure depressive symptoms/clinically relevant depressive symptom scores.
| Study, year | TQ | Tinnitus distress [mean (SD)] | Depressive symptoms questionnaire | Depressive symptom questionnaire score [mean (SD)] | Provided definition of clinically relevant depressive symptom scores | Prevalence of clinically relevant depressive symptom scores (%) | Correlation tinnitus distress and depressive symptoms (test used) | 95% CI | Significance: p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oishi, 2011(43) | THI | 56 (24) | SDS | 44 (10) | +1 SD above the average score | 39 | F = 20.7 * | NR | <0.01 |
| Suzuki et al. (50) | TFI THI |
NR NR |
SDS | NR NR |
NR | NR NR |
0.548 (Pearson) NR |
NR | <0.01 NR |
| Inagaki et al. (58) | THI | 55.3 (27) | SDS | 44.4 (10.5) | ‘a higher SDS score indicates more severe depressive symptoms' | NR | 0.539 (Pearson) | NR | <0.01 |
| Niemann et al. (51) | TQ | 38.3 (17.1) | CES-D | 18.0 (11.6) | NR | N.R. | 0.630 (Spearman) | NR | <0.01 |
| Brueggemann et al. (73) | TQ | 37.9 (16.6) | CES-D | 18.2 (11.6) | >23 points | N.R. | 0.493 (Pearson) | NR | <0.01 |
| Boecking et al. (16) | TQ | 39.5 (17.0) | CES-D | 18.3 (11.9) | >23 major depressive disorder. | NR | 1.31 (Cohen's) | 1.17–1.44 | <0.05 |
| Wang et al. (55) | TFI | 33.1 (22.8) | CES-D (n = 161) | NR | Score >20 | NR | 0.334 (Pearson) | NR | <0.01 |
| Milerova et al. (48) | THI TQ |
N.R. | SCL-90R- sub depression | N.R | NR | N.R | 0.504 (Pearson) 0.425 (Pearson) |
NR | <0.01 <0.01 |
| Meijers et al. (56) | THI TQ | 45.6 (22.9) 39.6 (16.7) |
SCL-90R sub depression | 26.4 | NR | 17.3 | B= 1.56 ** B= 0.97** |
1.50–1.62 0.92–1.02 |
<0.01 <0.01 |
| Meric et al. (49) | TRQ | 34.65 (24.94) | MMPI sub depression (abbreviated version) | NA | +2 SD from mean | 12 | r= 0.44 (Pearson) | NR | <0.01 |
| Huttenrauch et al. (57) | TFI | 40.0 (23.5) | PHQ-9 | NR | NR | NR | 0.56 (Spearman) | NR | <0.001 |
Abbreviations and symbols: THI, Tinnitus Handicap Inventory; TFI, Tinnitus Functional Index; TQ, Tinnitus Questionnaire; TRQ, Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire; NR, Not Reported; M, male; F, Female; SDS, Self-rating depression scale (Zung, 1965); CES-D, Center of Epidemiologic studies Depression scale; SCL90R, Symptom Checklist-90-revised; MMPI, Multiphasic Minnesota Personality Inventory; PHQ, Patient Health Questionnaire; **, a linear regression was used; *, multiple linear regression with THI as an independent variable.