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. 2022 Mar 24;9:335–344. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.02.003

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

The possible pathways to catabolize ferulic acid in the rumen (Besle et al., 2010; Ohmiya et al., 1986; Sheng et al., 2015; Tripathi et al., 2002). (a) Dihydroxylation; (b) reduction; (c) demethylation; (d) decarboxylation; (e) deacetylation.