Fig. 2.

Biogenesis of exosomes: Exosome biogenesis First, endocytosis can be mediated by either a clathrin-dependant or clathrin-independent pathway, which is often active at the lipid raft, which contains a variety of tumour-specific receptors and signalling proteins (e.g., growth factor receptors, oncoproteins), as well as common membrane proteins like tetraspanins. Exosome biogenesis can be accomplished in either an ESCRT-dependant or ESCRT-independent manner via the endosomal network. Exosomes (intraluminal vesicles) reveal inward budding of the multivesicular structures as a result (MVB).