Fig. 1.

Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) causes hippocampal injury that is not mitigated by therapeutic hypothermia (TH). Hippocampal injury is greater in HI-injured animals independent of sex or TH. Injury scores of the sham, normothermia (NT), and TH groups for all animals (A), females (A₁), and males (A₂). Results are presented as box and whisker plots, where the box is limited by the 25th and 75th percentiles and the solid line represents the median. Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA with Dunn-Bonferroni post hoc analysis, * p < 0.05 (sham 7 females and 6 males; NT 9 females and 12 males; TH 9 females and 12 males). B Representative cresyl violet-stained hippocampal sections for injury scores of 0–3.