Table 3.
Patient characteristics in association with DFS, CSS, and OS
| N (%) | Med DFS (95% CI) | RR | p value† | Med CSS (95% CI) | RR | p value† | Med OS (95% CI) | RR | p value† | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | 0.435 | 0.418 | 0.397 | |||||||
| Male | 75 (67.6) | 40 (13.6–66.4) | − | 50 (20.9–79.1) | − | 32 (19.0–45.0) | − | |||
| Female | 36 (32.4) | 29 (0.0–67.1) | − | 50 (20.8–79.2) | − | 25 (8.8–41.2) | − | |||
| Age, years | 0.858 | 0.874 | 0.750 | |||||||
| ≤65 | 47 (42.3) | 40 (14.0–66.1) | − | 42 (10.4–73.6) | − | 29 (7.1–50.9) | − | |||
| >65 | 64 (57.7) | 31 (5.0–57.1) | − | 50 (26.0–74.0) | − | 31 (22.7–39.3) | − | |||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 0.264 | 0.551 | 0.481 | |||||||
| ≤25 | 54 (48.6) | 61 (31.8–89.2) | − | 63 (37.3–88.7) | − | 32 (17.8–46.2) | − | |||
| >25 | 57 (51.4) | 29 (8.8–49.2) | − | 40 (18.8–61.2) | − | 29 (15.6–42.4) | − | |||
| ASA | 0.868 | 0.850 | 0.817 | |||||||
| I/II | 51 (45.9) | 41 (6.1–75.9) | − | 50 (29.5–70.5) | − | 40 (19.0–61.0) | − | |||
| III/IV | 56 (50.5) | 37 (2.5–71.5) | − | 50 (16.9–83.1) | − | 31 (21.5–40.5) | − | |||
| Cholangitis | 0.173 | 0.261 | 0.196 | |||||||
| No | 71 (64.0) | 61 (28.7–93.3) | − | 42 (21.2–62.8) | − | 32 (20.2–43.8) | − | |||
| Yes | 36 (32.4) | 26 (1.2–50.8) | − | 63 (31.1–95.0) | − | 31 (16.2–45.8) | − | |||
| PVE | 0.714 | 0.481 | 0.564 | |||||||
| No | 64 (57.7) | 39 (10.2–67.8) | − | 41 (11.0–71.0) | − | 31 (6.2–41.8) | − | |||
| Yes | 47 (42.3) | 41 (0.0–83.6) | − | 50 (28.4–71.6) | − | 28 (13.0–43.1) | − | |||
| EBD | 0.108 | 0.045 | 0.179 | |||||||
| No | 23 (20.7) | n.a. | − | 42 (26.0–58.0) | 2.483 (0.984–6.266) |
51 (n.a.) | − | |||
| Yes | 88 (79.3) | 36 (14.3–57.7) | − | n.a | 1 | 31 (23.3–38.7) | − | |||
| PBD | 0.441 | 0.358 | 0.620 | |||||||
| No | 84 (75.7) | 41 (8.3–73.7) | − | 42 (19.9–64.1) | 31 (17.0–53.4) | − | ||||
| Yes | 26 (23.4) | 31 (0.0–63.6) | − | 54 (29.0–79.0) | − | 29 (4.6–53.4) | − | |||
| Bismuth classification | 0.130 | 0.389 | 0.706 | |||||||
| I | 6 (5.4) | 19 (0.0–53.3) | − | 41 (20.7–61.3) | − | 28 (12.6–43.4) | − | |||
| II | 8 (7.2) | 8 (0.0–17.8) | − | 20 (12.8–27.2) | − | 18 (0.0–40.2) | − | |||
| IIIa | 30 (27.0) | 84 (3.1–164.9) | − | 87 (22.2–151.8) | − | 19 (0.0–56.6) | − | |||
| IIIb | 32 (28.8) | n.a | − | n.a | − | 32 (2.2–61.8) | − | |||
| IV | 35 (31.5) | 31 (9.2–52.8) | − | 42 (24.1–59.9) | − | 32 (18.9–44.2) | − | |||
| Albumin, g/L | 0.602 | 0.628 | 0.529 | |||||||
| ≤42 | 71 (64.0) | 29 (4.5–53.5) | − | 42 (17.1–66.9) | − | 25 (13.1–36.9) | − | |||
| >42 | 40 (36.0) | 55 (30.8–79.2) | − | 69 (31.9–106.1) | − | 40 (26.1–53.9) | − | |||
| AST, U/L | 0.195 | 0.400 | 0.924 | |||||||
| ≤40 | 43 (38.7) | 84 (29.9–138.1) | − | 69 (40.6–97.4) | − | 32 (13.1–50.9) | − | |||
| ≤40 | 68 (61.3) | 31 (5.4–56.6) | − | 40 (12.7–67.3) | − | 24 (19.4–38.6) | − | |||
| ALT, U/L | 0.812 | 0.447 | 0.291 | |||||||
| ≤40 | 20 (18.0) | 29 (0.0–62.9) | − | 41 (22.0–60.0) | − | 25 (13.3–36.7) | − | |||
| >40 | 91 (82.0) | 41 (12.6–69.4) | − | 54 (30.1–77.9) | − | 32 (18.3–45.7) | − | |||
| GGT, U/L | 0.662 | 0.613 | 0.646 | |||||||
| ≤100 | 8 (7.2) | 61 (0.0–129.3) | − | 63 (16.6–109.4) | − | 32 (0.0–71.7) | − | |||
| >100 | 103 (92.8) | 37 (21.5–52.5) | − | 50 (34.4–65.6) | − | 31 (23.2–38.8) | − | |||
| Bilirubin, mg/dL | 0.271 | 0.193 | 0.223 | |||||||
| ≤1 | 52 (46.8) | 74 (23.584–124.416) | − | 69 (37.818–100.182) | − | 33 (13.119–52.881) | − | |||
| >1 | 59 (53.2) | 31 (4.431–57.569) | − | 40 (17.405–62.595) | − | 23 (7.115–38.885) | − | |||
| Alkaline phosphatase, U/L | 0.200 | 0.182 | 0.067 | |||||||
| ≤100 | 5 (4.5) | n.a | − | n.a | − | n.a | − | |||
| >100 | 106 (95.5) | 37 (21.404–52.596) | − | 50 (33.923–66.077) | − | 29 (21.100–36.900) | − | |||
| Platelet count, 1/nL | 0.745 | 0.304 | 0.708 | |||||||
| ≤200 | 15 (13.5) | 74 (0.000–160.025) | − | 90 (30.040–149.960) | − | 6 (0.000–30.616) | − | |||
| >200 | 96 (86.5) | 39 (14.004–63.996) | − | 50 (31.929–68.071) | − | 31 (20.920–41.080) | − | |||
| INR | 0.091 | 0.110 | 0.104 | |||||||
| ≤1 | 43 (38.7) | 61 (32.608–89.392) | − | 73 (44.417–101.583) | − | 50 (28.362–71.638) | − | |||
| >1 | 68 (61.3) | 29 (5.552–52.448) | − | 38 (24.837–51.163) | − | 25 (12.283–37.717) | − | |||
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.017 | |||||||
| ≤12 | 42 (37.8) | 14 (5.108–22.892) | 2.914 | 25 (14.805–35.195) | 2.636 | 18 (5.312–30.688) | 1.704 | |||
| (1.627–5.220) | (1.504–4.620) | (1.085–2.676) | ||||||||
| >12 | 69 (62.2) | 74 (50.260–97.740) | 1 | 73 (54.474–91.526) | 1 | 40 (20.171–59.829) | 1 | |||
| CRP, mg/L | 0.262 | 0.531 | 0.333 | |||||||
| ≤10 | 46 (41.4) | 61 (n.a.) | − | 63 (n.a.) | − | 32 (21.107–42.893) | − | |||
| >10 | 65 (58.6) | 36 (21.251–50.749) | − | 50 (34.418–65.582) | − | 29 (7.987–50.013) | − | |||
| Operative time, min | 0.796 | 0.546 | 0.134 | |||||||
| ≤360 | 31 (27.9) | 74 (9.218–138.782) | − | 69 (24.894–113.106) | − | 51 (8.924–93.076) | ||||
| >360 | 80 (72.1) | 39 (11.974–66.026) | − | 50 (38.498–61.502) | − | 29 (18.023–39.977) | − | |||
| Blood transfusions | 0.001 | 0.004 | 0.002 | |||||||
| No | 59 (53.2) | 74 (54.245–93.755) | 1 | 73 (49.484–96.516) | 1 | 54 (21.245–86.755) | 1 | |||
| Yes | 52 (46.8) | 14 (8.228–19.772) | 2.569 | 31 (21.322–40.678) | 2.247 | 15 (3.516–26.484) | 1.972 | |||
| (1.427–4.626) | (1.278–3.952) | (1.256–3.095) | ||||||||
| FFP | 0.001 | 0.003 | 0.002 | |||||||
| No | 39 (35.1) | n.a | 1 | n.a | 1 | 69 (23.408–114.592) | 1 | |||
| Yes | 72 (64.9) | 17 (1.145–32.855) | 2.981 | 33 (21.374–44.626) | 2.655 | 19 (5.357–32.643) | 2.227 | |||
| (1.478–6.012) | (1.356–5.198) | (1.324–3.744) | ||||||||
| R status | 0.511 | 0.171 | 0.239 | |||||||
| R0 | 84 (75.7) | 40 (2.360–77.640) | − | 69 (40.707–97.293) | − | 32 (21.210–42.790) | − | |||
| R1/Rx | 26 (23.4) | 39 (29.421–48.579) | − | 40 (20.435–59.565) | − | 23 (2.804–43.196) | − | |||
| MVI | 0.087 | 0.069 | 0.223 | |||||||
| No | 79 (71.2) | 74 (25.194–122.806) | − | 73 (40.075–105.925) | − | 40 (25.791–54.209) | − | |||
| Yes | 25 (22.5) | 17 (11.481–22.519) | − | 31 (17.402–44.598) | − | 23 (1.784–44.216) | − | |||
| Perineural invasion | 0.360 | 0.168 | 0.128 | |||||||
| Pn0 | 15 (13.5) | NA | − | 69 (n.a.) | − | 50 (19.143–80.857) | − | |||
| Pn1 | 75 (67.6) | 39 (24.534–53.466) | − | 41 (19.717–62.283) | − | 25 (13.968–36.032) | − | |||
| LVI | 0.053 | 0.335 | 0.055 | |||||||
| No | 79 (71.2) | 61 (31.141–90.859) | − | 63 (40.313–85.687) | − | 41 (25.007–56.993) | − | |||
| Yes | 24 (21.6) | 15 (5.342–24.658) | − | 20 (0.000–41.446) | − | 12 (2.398–21.601) | − | |||
| Tumor grading | 0.016 | 0.001 | 0.000 | |||||||
| G1/G2 | 80 (72.1) | 55 (18.162–91.838) | 1 | 54 (27.268–80.732) | 1 | 41 (24.641–57.359) | 1 | |||
| G3/G4 | 25 (22.5) | 8 (0.000–33.636) | 2.334 | 13 (10.215–15.785) | 2.992 | 7 (3.736–10.264) | 3.076 | |||
| (1.138–4.787) | (1.556–5.755) | (1.844–5.129) | ||||||||
| Tumor stage UlCC I/II | 47 (42.3) | 84 (16.803–151.197) | 1 | 0.048 | 73 (40.769–105.231) | 1 | 0.049 | 50 (34.524–65.476) | 1 | 0.009 |
| III/IV | 63 (56.8) | 37 (5.989–68.011) | 1.806 (0.991–3.291) |
41 (19.750–62.250) | 1.768 (0.992–3.151) |
19 (6.897–31.103) | 1.837 (1.151–2.933) |
|||
| pT category | − | 0.138 | 0.004 | |||||||
| pT1-2 | 72 (64.9) | 39 (5.343–72.657) | − | 54 (23.636–84.364) | − | 41 (24.058–57.942) | 1 | |||
| pT3-4 | 38 (34.2) | 40 (4.101–75.899) | 41 (4.541–77.459) | − | 12 (5.959–18.041) | 1.902 (1.205–3.003) |
||||
| N category | 0.005 | 0.017 | 0.007 | |||||||
| pN0 | 64 (57.7) | 74 (38.081–109.919) | 1 | 73 (38.649–107.351) | 1 | 50 (32.572–67.428) | 1 | |||
| pN1 | 45 (40.5) | 15 (0.000–44.057) | 2.260 (1.250–4.086) |
31 (20.762–41.238) | 1.990 (1.115–3.555) |
18 (4.985–31.015) | 1.853 (1.166–2.944) |
|||
| ICU time, days | 0.056 | 0.015 | 0.000 | |||||||
| ≤1 | 51 (45.9) | n.a | − | 69 (40.749–97.251) | 1 | 50 (23.886–76.114) | 1 | |||
| >1 | 60 (54.1) | 26 (9.049–42.951) | − | 31 (15.179–46.821) | 1.985 (1.126–3.502) |
18 (7.879–28.121) | 2.263 (1.421–3.603) |
|||
| Hospitalization, days | 0.237 | 0.207 | ||||||||
| ≤14 | 44 (39.6) | 55 (n.a.) | − | 73 (35.544–110.456) | − | 0.495 | 50 (26.956–73.044) | − | ||
| >14 | 67 (60.4) | 36 (9.781–62.219) | − | 42 (16.628–67.372) | − | 29 (18.194–39.806) | − | |||
| CCI | 0.026 | 0.002 | 0.000 | |||||||
| ≤40 | 57 (51.4) | 84 (22.299–145.701) | 1 | 73 (47.371–98.629) | 1 | 54 (32.986–75.014) | 1 | |||
| >40 | 53 (47.7) | 26 (6.309–45.691) | 1.909 (1.064–3.424) |
31 (19.339–42.661) | 2.388 (1.351–4.223) |
12 (1.696–22.304) | 2.722 (1.714–4.324) |
|||
| Adjuvant therapy | 0.007 | 0.036 | 0.341 | |||||||
| No | 66 (59.5) | 74 (51.306–96.694) | 1 | 73 (46.834–99.166) | 1 | 31 (1.869–60.131) | − | |||
| Yes | 45 (40.5) | 19 (0.000–38.239) | 2.220 (1.217–4.047) |
38 (26.310–49.690) | 1.843 (1.028–3.307) |
31 (25.832–36.168) | − | |||
| Tumor recurrence | 0.000 | |||||||||
| No | − | − | − | − | − | 72 (43.218–100.782) | 1 | |||
| Yes | − | − | − | − | − | 24 (14.004–33.996) | 2.556 (1.593–4.101) |
EBD, endoscopic biliary drainage; PBD, percutaneous biliary drainage; PVE, portal vein embolization.
†
Based on log-rank test.