Table 4.

Targeting microbiota therapeutic strategies for HCC

Models	Disease	New strategies	Implicated microbiota	Reference
Mice	DEN induced HCC	VSL#3	G− bacteria groups ↓, Escherichia coli ↓, Atopobium cluster ↓, Bacteroides fragilis group ↓, Prevotella ↓	[26]
Mice	Hepa1-6 transplanted tumor	Prohep	Alistipes ↑, Butyricimonas ↑, Mucispirillum ↑, Oscillibacter ↑, Parabacteroides ↑, Paraprevotella ↑, Prevotella ↑, Bacteroides fragilis ↑, Alistipes shahii ↑, Parabacteroides distasonis ↑, Akkermansia muciniphila ↑	[62]
Mice	BaF3 transplanted tumor	Inulin-type fructans	No	[64]
Mice	DEN induced HCC	An antibiotic cocktail (ampicillin, vancomycin, neomycin sulfate, and metronidazole)	No	[23]
Mice	DEN-CCL4 induced HCC	An antibiotic cocktail (ampicillin, neomycin, metronidazole and vancomycin)	No	[24]
Mice	DMBA-HFD induced HCC	An antibiotic cocktail (ampicillin, neomycin, metronidazole and vancomycin)	No	[28]
Mice	MYC transgenic spontaneous HCC	An antibiotic cocktail (vancomycin, neomycin, and primaxin) or vancomycin	Verrucomicrobiales ↑, Clostridiales ↓, Bacteroidales ↓	[32]
Mice	Inulin-induced HCC	Vancomycin	Lachnospiraceae ↓, Ruminococcaceae ↓, Bifidobacteria ↓, Clostridium cluster XIVa ↓	[68]

VSL#3: Streptococcus thermophiles, Bifidobacterium breve, B. longum, B. infantis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. plantarum, L. paracasei, and L. delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus. Prohep: Lactobacillus rhamnosusGG, Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 and heat-inactivated VSL#3. G⁻, gram-negative.