| Acceptability of content |
Intervention content was perceived as valuable. Comprehensive format of the intervention with multiple components was perceived as useful. Intervention increased knowledge of screening through health education by medical professional, as well as personal testimonies. Personal testimonies were perceived as impactful. Role of faith in intervention was acceptable. Faith-based messages resonated with women. Women stated that intervention improved knowledge of cancer screening. Intervention was perceived as encouraging to engage in cancer screening. Increased intention to engage in screening was reported. Change in screening behaviour was noted: some women had acted, made an appointment and/or engaged in screening.
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Intervention needs to be complex, tackle multifactorial barriers to screening and work at multiple levels. Faith can be used as an enabler as part of cancer screening and health promotion efforts, but not in isolation. Incorporating aspects of spirituality and faith in cancer screening could enhance health promotion efforts. Incorporating personal experiences of screening and cancer survival, through videos or in person, could enhance health promotion efforts. Increasing knowledge by presenting health education offered by a medical professional who can provide an opportunity to answer questions is important. Findings support this community-based intervention may increase cancer screening uptake. Additional research is required to understand and establish effectiveness and on a larger scale.
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| Acceptability of delivery |
Intervention was experienced as engaging. Opportunity to discuss barriers, facilitated by peers, was important. Delivery by medical professional was valuable. Delivery by religious scholar was valuable. Women reported feeling comfortable in a group with women they were not familiar with. Discussion of sensitive topics such as colorectal, breast and cervical cancers was acceptable and important. Language barriers were found. Technology was useful due to circumstances, although face-to-face meeting was preferred.
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Community health promotion interventions need to be engaging and should incorporate active learning. Including credible and trusted people, like religious scholars and medical professionals in cancer screening interventions could enhance health promotion efforts. Create a comfortable environment for community interventions, possibly facilitated by peers, although the role of peer educators need further research. Interventions like these can stimulate discussion in the community about sensitive women’s health issues and may contribute to breaking down social stigma. Interventions must address generic barriers that are shared with other women, such as fear of the outcome or fear of the procedure. Interventions and health education materials need to address language barriers.
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| Improving the delivery and process |
More meetings regarding cancer screening were requested. Meetings regarding other health issues were requested. Women would like more opportunities to engage with healthcare providers. Interventions should include a healthcare provider. Interventions should include a religious scholar. Interventions should use more personal testimonies. Materials should be clear, using pictures or videos and should provide practical information. Peer educators can facilitate increasing awareness in the community and signpost accordingly. Support from men in engaging in cancer screening would be valuable.
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Findings support continuation of community-based interventions, which may play an important role in the promotion of cancer screening and health promotion of other health issues. Using religious and community leaders can play an important role in community-centred health promotion. Using healthcare providers can play an important role in community-centred health promotion. Develop practical and culturally appropriate health promotion materials. Interventions should include personal testimonies, and these may increase knowledge of cancer screening and enhance health promotion messages. Peer educators may have a role to play in health promotion. Including men separately in community-centred approaches may help tackle screening barriers for women. More research is needed regarding the role of men in women’s cancer screening.
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