Table 2.
Associations between socio-demographic characteristics, historical sexual behaviour and post-traumatic stress symptoms
| Characteristic | Category | PC-PTSD score | Crude results | Adjusted resultsa | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | ||
| Study setting | Cape Town | 107 (45%) | 25 (10%) | 42 (18%) | 30 (13%) | 24 (10%) | 11 (5%) | 2.21 (1.65, 2.97) | < 0.001 | 2.25 (1.67, 3.02) | < 0.001 |
| Johannesburg | 111 (56%) | 13 (7%) | 29 (15%) | 22 (11%) | 20 (10%) | 5 (3%) | 1.58 (1.15, 2.19) | 1.59 (1.15, 2.19) | |||
| Entebbe | 324 (66%) | 46 (9%) | 42 (9%) | 28 (6%) | 34 (7%) | 17 (3%) | Baseline | Baseline | |||
| Chitungwiza | 266 (67%) | 24 (6%) | 47 (12%) | 32 (8%) | 24 (6%) | 7 (2%) | 0.98 (0.75, 1.29) | 0.99 (0.75, 1.30) | |||
| Sex | Male | 405 (60%) | 69 (10%) | 96 (14%) | 47 (7%) | 42 (6%) | 14 (2%) | Baseline | 0.39 | Baseline | 0.37 |
| Female | 403 (61%) | 39 (6%) | 64 (10%) | 65 (10%) | 60 (9%) | 26 (4%) | 1.10 (0.89, 1.36) | 1.10 (0.89, 1.37) | |||
| Age group | 13–15 | 90 (60%) | 15 (10%) | 25 (17%) | 11 (7%) | 8 (5%) | 1 (1%) | 0.89 (0.64, 1.25) | 0.43 | 0.83 (0.60, 1.17) | 0.29 |
| 16–17 | 152 (63%) | 24 (10%) | 25 (10%) | 12 (5%) | 23 (10%) | 4 (2%) | 0.84 (0.63, 1.11) | 0.82 (0.62, 1.10) | |||
| 18–24 | 566 (60%) | 69 (7%) | 110 (12%) | 89 (9%) | 71 (8%) | 35 (4%) | Baseline | Baseline | |||
| Highest level of education attended | Still studying | 420 (60%) | 65 (9%) | 89 (13%) | 53 (8%) | 52 (7%) | 17 (2%) | Baseline | 0.45 | Baseline | 0.96 |
| ≤ Grade 7 | 85 (66%) | 9 (7%) | 15 (12%) | 7 (5%) | 8 (6%) | 4 (3%) | 0.80 (0.54, 1.18) | 0.97 (0.63, 1.48) | |||
| Grade 7–12 | 274 (60%) | 31 (7%) | 53 (12%) | 44 (10%) | 42 (9%) | 15 (3%) | 1.10 (0.88, 1.39) | 1.06 (0.82, 1.38) | |||
| Post-school | 29 (62%) | 3 (6%) | 3 (6%) | 8 (17%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (9%) | 1.06 (0.59, 1.92) | 1.00 (0.55, 1.84) | |||
| Participant is household head | No | 714 (61%) | 89 (8%) | 143 (12%) | 99 (8%) | 89 (8%) | 32 (3%) | Baseline | 0.38 | Baseline | 0.03 |
| Yes | 94 (57%) | 19 (12%) | 17 (10%) | 13 (8%) | 13 (8%) | 8 (5%) | 1.15 (0.84, 1.58) | 1.47 (1.04, 2.08) | |||
| Household head age | Per unit increase | 1.02 (1.01, 1.02) | 0.001 | 1.01 (1.00, 1.02) | 0.02 | ||||||
| Number of adults in householdb | 1–2 | 266 (67%) | 29 (7%) | 38 (10%) | 29 (7%) | 22 (6%) | 13 (3%) | Baseline | 0.002 | Baseline | 0.05 |
| 3–4 | 376 (60%) | 42 (7%) | 85 (14%) | 52 (8%) | 53 (9%) | 14 (2%) | 1.32 (1.02, 1.71) | < 0.001f | 1.26 (0.95, 1.66) | 0.01f | |
| 5+ | 165 (53%) | 37 (12%) | 37 (12%) | 31 (10%) | 27 (9%) | 13 (4%) | 1.69 (1.26, 2.26) | 1.49 (1.09, 2.03) | |||
| Number of rooms in household | 1–2 | 298 (65%) | 33 (7%) | 50 (11%) | 35 (8%) | 26 (6%) | 13 (3%) | Baseline | 0.03 | Baseline | 0.24 |
| 3–4 | 240 (57%) | 41 (10%) | 57 (14%) | 32 (8%) | 38 (9%) | 13 (3%) | 1.39 (1.07, 1.80) | 1.26 (0.95, 1.66) | |||
| 5+ | 270 (59%) | 34 (7%) | 53 (12%) | 45 (10%) | 38 (8%) | 14 (3%) | 1.31 (1.01, 1.71) | 1.20 (0.90, 1.60) | |||
| Number of adults per room in householdb | < 1 | 325 (60%) | 44 (8%) | 66 (12%) | 49 (9%) | 40 (7%) | 15 (3%) | Baseline | 0.66 | Baseline | 0.89 |
| ≥ 1 and < 2 | 320 (60%) | 40 (8%) | 66 (12%) | 42 (8%) | 44 (8%) | 19 (4%) | 1.02 (0.81, 1.30) | 1.02 (0.80, 1.31) | |||
| ≥ 2 | 162 (63%) | 24 (9%) | 28 (11%) | 21 (8%) | 18 (7%) | 6 (2%) | 0.90 (0.67, 1.20) | 0.95 (0.69, 1.30) | |||
| Ever had sexc | No | 196 (70%) | 19 (7%) | 29 (10%) | 16 (6%) | 15 (5%) | 5 (2%) | Baseline | < 0.001 | Baseline | 0.24 |
| Yes | 611 (58%) | 89 (9%) | 131 (13%) | 95 (9%) | 86 (8%) | 35 (3%) | 1.67 (1.27, 2.21) | 1.22 (0.87, 1.71) | |||
| Age of first sex | Per unit increase | 0.95 (0.91, 0.99) | 0.02 | 0.96 (0.91, 1.01) | 0.12 | ||||||
| Transactional sex, everd | No | 748 (63%) | 92 (8%) | 139 (12%) | 92 (8%) | 91 (8%) | 33 (3%) | Baseline | < 0.001 | Baseline | < 0.001 |
| Yes | 57 (45%) | 16 (13%) | 19 (15%) | 19 (15%) | 9 (7%) | 7 (6%) | 1.84 (1.32, 2.57) | 1.89 (1.34, 2.66) | |||
| Forced sex, last 6 monthse | No | 777 (62%) | 102 (8%) | 152 (12%) | 101 (8%) | 84 (7%) | 34 (3%) | Baseline | < 0.001 | Baseline | < 0.001 |
| Yes | 30 (39%) | 6 (8%) | 7 (9%) | 10 (13%) | 17 (22%) | 6 (8%) | 3.06 (1.98, 4.71) | 3.18 (2.05, 4.93) | |||
| Forcing sex, last 6 monthse | No | 788 (62%) | 102 (8%) | 154 (12%) | 105 (8%) | 91 (7%) | 35 (3%) | Baseline | < 0.001 | Baseline | < 0.001 |
| Yes | 19 (37%) | 6 (12%) | 5 (10%) | 6 (12%) | 10 (20%) | 5 (10%) | 2.99 (1.78, 5.01) | 2.93 (1.74, 4.94) | |||
aAdjusted for study setting, sex and age group
b1 missing value
c3 preferred not to say
d8 preferred not to say
e4 preferred not to say
fTest for trend