Table 2.
Correlations between and effects of demographic, clinical, and behavioral variables and comorbidities with Brown-Goodwin Aggression and Barratt Impulsivity Scale total scores within Bipolar Disorder
| BGA mean±SD or r |
p | BIS mean±SD or r |
p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | Age | −.11 | .52 | −.20 | .22 |
| Sex (female/male) | 18.1±8.1 / 15.0±5.1 | .35 | 76.5±13.5 / 72.2±11.5 | .37 | |
| Socioeconomic status | −.26 | .13 | .06 | .74 | |
| Behavioral | BIS | .40 | .012 | NA | NA |
| BIS non-planning subscale | .18 | .28 | |||
| BIS motor impulsiveness subscale | .44 | .006 | |||
| BIS cognitive-attentional subscale | .36 | .025 | |||
| BGA | NA | NA | .40 | .012 | |
| Clinical | Lifetime suicide attempt (yes/no) | 22.5±8.8 / 14.6±4.9 | .003 | 83.3±13.1 / 71.2±11.1 | .005 |
| Most severe suicide ideation | .50 | .002 | .20 | .24 | |
| Mood state (euthymic / depressed / elevated) | 16.9 ± 8.4 / 13.4 ± 3.9 / 20.3 ± 7.5 | .030 | 73.2±10.4 / 74.8±10.6 / 77.7±16.5 | .65 | |
| Rapid cycling (yes/no) | 17.9 ± 5.5 / 17.0 ± 8.3 | .30 | 80.8±10.9 / 72.9±13.3 | .08 | |
| Lifetime psychosis (yes/no) | 15.1±5.9 / 18.7±8.1 | .16 | 76.4±8.6 / 74.7±15.4 | .71 | |
| Unmedicated at time of scan (yes/no) | 19.0±8.8 / 16.2±6.4 | .28 | 72.8±14.5 / 77.1±12.0 | .33 | |
| Hospitalization (yes/no) | 18.3±7.9 / 14.1±5.0 | .13 | 76.9±13.0 / 70.7±12.6 | .22 | |
| HDRS | .36 | .025 | .37 | .023 | |
| YMRS | .39 | .016 | .21 | .21 | |
| CTQ | .31 | .079 | .34 | .049 | |
| CTQ emotional abuse subscale | .28 | .11 | .57 | <.001 | |
| CTQ physical abuse subscale | .20 | .25 | .32 | .061 | |
| CTQ sexual abuse subscale | .05 | .78 | .02 | .91 | |
| CTQ emotional neglect subscale | .38 | .025 | .35 | .043 | |
| CTQ physical neglect subscale | .21 | .24 | .15 | .41 | |
| Anxiety disorder lifetime (yes/no) | 16.7±5.0 / 18.0±9.4 | .77 | 75.6±13.8 / 75.2±12.5 | .93 | |
| Eating disorder lifetime | 18.0±7.6 / 17.3±7.6 | NA | 74.0±10.6 / 75.5±13.3 | NA | |
| History of alcohol/substance dependence/abuse (yes/no) | 20.8±8.8 / 14.8±5.3 | .021 | 81.6±12.4 / 70.9±11.7 | .010 | |
| History of alcohol dependence/abuse (yes/no) | 19.6±3.5 / 17.0±7.9 | .17 | 75.8±18.1 / 75.3±12.4 | .94 | |
| History of cocaine dependence/abuse (yes/no) | 22.2±13.0 / 16.4±5.8 | .42 | 88.5±7.8 / 72.9±12.3 | .005 | |
| History of cannabis dependence/abuse (yes/no) | 19.5±10.3 / 16.9±6.9 | .70 | 78.8±9.6 / 74.8±13.6 | .49 | |
| History of opioid dependence/abuse (yes/no) | 27.5±2.1 / 16.8±7.2 | NA | 85.0±8.5 / 74.9±13.1 | NA |
p-values correspond to spearman correlations for all continuous variables (except for age, for which a Pearson correlation was used) and to Mann-Whitney U or Kruskal-Wallis H tests for categorical variables. Socioeconomic status not available for 7 BD; Most severe suicide ideation not available for 1 BD; CTQ not available for 4 BD.