Table 3.
Characteristics associated with receiving a positive test result for SARS-CoV-2 infection, among adults presenting for testing through the Rhode Island Department of Health appointment portal, June 8, 2020–January 15, 2021
| Characteristic | SARS-CoV-2 positivity | |
|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | |
| Gender identity | ||
| Cisgender | 1 [Reference] | |
| Gender nonbinary or nonconforming | 0.43 (0.32-0.58) | 0.95 (0.65-1.39) |
| Transgender | 0.64 (0.47-0.88) | 0.94 (0.65-1.36) |
| Other | 0.43 (0.34-0.55) | 0.63 (0.45-0.89) |
| Unknown/missing | 0.93 (0.72-1.20) | 0.95 (0.88-1.02) |
| Sexual orientation | ||
| Bisexual | 0.64 (0.56-0.72) | 0.70 (0.61-0.81) |
| Gay or lesbian | 0.60 (0.55-0.66) | 0.62 (0.56-0.69) |
| Heterosexual | 1 [Reference] | |
| Queer | 0.37 (0.30-0.46) | 0.43 (0.33-0.56) |
| Other | 0.72 (0.64-0.81) | 0.64 (0.55-0.74) |
| Unknown/missing | 0.37 (0.20-0.67) | 0.42 (0.39-0.45) |
| Age, y | ||
| 18-34 | 1.12 (1.06-1.18) | 1.23 (1.16-1.30) |
| 35-49 | 1.16 (1.10-1.22) | 1.19 (1.12-1.25) |
| 50-64 | 1.17 (1.11-1.23) | 1.24 (1.17-1.31) |
| ≥65 | 1 [Reference] | |
| Sex assigned at birth | ||
| Female | 1 [Reference] | |
| Male | 1.24 (1.20-1.28) | 1.27 (0.87-1.68) |
| Other | 0.55 (0.42-0.71) | 1.05 (0.76-1.46) |
| Race and ethnicity | ||
| Hispanic or Latinx | 2.49 (2.39-2.58) | 1.82 (1.74-1.89) |
| Non-Hispanic Asian | 1.29 (1.18-1.42) | 1.33 (1.18-1.48) |
| Non-Hispanic African American or Black | 1.71 (1.59-1.84) | 1.45 (1.36-1.58) |
| Non-Hispanic White | 1 [Reference] | |
| Non-Hispanic Other | 1.17 (1.07-1.28) | 1.11 (1.01-1.21) |
| Unknown/missing | 0.96 (0.88-1.06) | 0.89 (0.82-0.96) |
| Employment | ||
| Essential worker | 0.93 (0.90-0.96) | 0.92 (0.89-0.95) |
| Nonessential worker | 1 [Reference] | |
| Unknown status | 1.75 (1.69-1.81) | 3.16 (3.01-3.31) |
| Median annual household income of ZCTA, $ | ||
| <40 000 | 1.99 (1.82-2.17) | 1.67 (1.52-1.84) |
| 40 000-69 999 | 1.80 (1.70-1.91) | 1.61 (1.51-1.72) |
| 70 000-99 999 | 1.40 (1.32-1.48) | 1.29 (1.22-1.37) |
| ≥100 000 | 1 [Reference] | |
| Unknown | 1.42 (1.31-1.53) | 1.41 (1.23-1.60) |
| Type of town | ||
| Urban | 1.24 (1.19-1.29) | 0.95 (0.90-1.00) |
| Rural | 1 [Reference] | |
| Unknown | 0.94 (0.90-1.00) | 0.94 (0.83-1.07) |
| Month of test | ||
| June 2020 | 1 [Reference] | |
| July 2020 | 1.03 (0.83-1.29) | 0.78 (0.63-0.98) |
| August 2020 | 0.48 (0.38-0.60) | 0.50 (0.40-0.63) |
| September 2020 | 0.36 (0.28-0.47) | 0.36 (0.28-0.46) |
| October 2020 | 1.28 (1.06-1.56) | 1.06 (0.87-1.29) |
| November 2020 | 3.46 (2.90-4.13) | 3.30 (2.75-3.96) |
| December 2020 | 3.48 (2.93-4.15) | 3.95 (3.30-4.73) |
| January 2021 | 2.77 (2.32-3.30) | 3.27 (2.72-3.92) |
Abbreviations: aOR, adjusted odds ratio; OR, odds ratio; ZCTA, zip code tabulation area.