Table 1—
Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients hospitalized with COVID-19, by diabetes diagnosis—PHD-CSR, U.S., discharged March–November 2020
| Total (N = 269,674) |
T1DM (N = 1,849) |
T2DM (N = 110,843) |
No diabetes (N = 156,982) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % (95% CI) | n | % (95% CI) | n | % (95% CI) | n | % (95% CI) | |
|
| ||||||||
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | 139,266 | 51.6 (51.5–51.8) | 940 | 50.8 (48.6–53.1) | 59,149 | 53.4 (53.1–53.7) | 79,177 | 50.4 (50.2–50.7) |
| Female | 130,223 | 48.3 (48.1–48.5) | 909 | 49.2 (46.9–51.4) | 51,630 | 46.6 (46.3–46.9) | 77,684 | 49.5 (49.2–49.7) |
| Unknown | 185 | 0.1 (0.1–0.1) | 0 | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 64 | 0.1 (0.0–0.1) | 121 | 0.1 (0.1–0.1) |
|
| ||||||||
| Age, years§ | ||||||||
| 0–17 | 2,570 | 1.0 (0.9–1.0) | 71 | 3.8 (3.1–4.8) | 57 | 0.1 (0.0–0.1) | 2,442 | 1.6 (1.5–1.6) |
| 18–39 | 32,638 | 12.1 (12.0–12.2) | 697 | 37.7 (35.5–39.9) | 4,994 | 4.5 (4.4–4.6) | 26,947 | 17.2 (17.0–17.4) |
| 40–49 | 28,352 | 10.5 (10.4–10.6) | 290 | 15.7 (14.1–17.4) | 9,832 | 8.9 (8.7–9.0) | 18,230 | 11.6 (11.5–11.8) |
| 50–64 | 73,573 | 27.3 (27.1–27.5) | 435 | 23.5 (21.6–25.5) | 33,918 | 30.6 (30.3–30.9) | 39,220 | 25.0 (24.8–25.2) |
| 65–74 | 57,514 | 21.3 (21.2–21.5) | 200 | 10.8 (9.5–12.3) | 29,973 | 27.0 (26.8–27.3) | 27,341 | 17.4 (17.2–17.6) |
| ≥75 | 75,027 | 27.8 (27.7–28.0) | 156 | 8.4 (7.3–9.8) | 32,069 | 28.9 (28.7–29.2) | 42,802 | 27.3 (27.0–27.5) |
|
| ||||||||
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||||
| White, non-Hispanic | 129,086 | 47.9 (47.7–48.1) | 917 | 49.6 (47.3–51.9) | 48,706 | 43.9 (43.6–44.2) | 79,463 | 50.6 (50.4–50.9) |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 54,180 | 20.1 (19.9–20.2) | 455 | 24.6 (22.7–26.6) | 26,085 | 23.5 (23.3–23.8) | 27,640 | 17.6 (17.4–17.8) |
| Hispanic | 52,184 | 19.4 (19.2–19.5) | 297 | 16.1 (14.5–17.8) | 21,596 | 19.5 (19.3–19.7) | 30,291 | 19.3 (19.1–19.5) |
| Other, non-Hispanic | 26,995 | 10.0 (9.9–10.1) | 152 | 8.2 (7.1–9.6) | 11,769 | 10.6 (10.4–10.8) | 15,074 | 9.6 (9.5–9.7) |
| Unknown | 7,229 | 2.7 (2.6–2.7) | 28 | 1.5 (1.0–2.2) | 2,687 | 2.4 (2.3–2.5) | 4,514 | 2.9 (2.8–3.0) |
|
| ||||||||
| Underlying conditions | ||||||||
| Essential or secondary hypertension | 136,577 | 50.7 (50.5–50.8) | 812 | 43.9(41.7–46.2) | 67,233 | 60.7(60.4–60.9) | 68,532 | 43.7(43.4–43.9) |
| Disorders of lipid metabolism | 125,105 | 46.4 (46.2–46.6) | 908 | 49.1 (46.8–51.4) | 70,628 | 63.7 (63.4–64.0) | 53,569 | 34.1 (33.9–34.4) |
| Obesity | 85,335 | 31.6 (31.5–31.8) | 467 | 25.3 (23.3–27.3) | 45,461 | 41.0 (40.7–41.3) | 39,407 | 25.1 (24.9–25.3) |
| CKD | 62,577 | 23.2 (23.0–23.4) | 671 | 36.3 (34.1–38.5) | 38,598 | 34.8 (34.5–35.1) | 23,308 | 14.9 (14.7–15.0) |
| Coronary atherosclerosis and other heart disease | 62,000 | 23.0 (22.8–23.1) | 455 | 24.6 (22.7–26.6) | 35,335 | 31.9 (31.6–32.2) | 26,210 | 16.7 (16.5–16.9) |
| COPD and bronchitis | 27,997 | 10.4 (10.3–10.5) | 132 | 7.1 (6.1–8.4) | 13,809 | 12.5 (12.3–12.7) | 14,056 | 9.0 (8.8–9.1) |
| Neoplasms | 18,875 | 7.0 (6.9–7.1) | 105 | 5.7 (4.7–6.8) | 8,061 | 7.3 (7.1–7.4) | 10,709 | 6.8 (6.7–6.9) |
| DKA | 5,279 | 2.0 (1.9–2.0) | 845 | 45.7 (43.4–48.0) | 4,434 | 4.0 (3.9–4.1) | 0 | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) |
| Present at admission | 4,195 | 1.6 (1.5–1.6) | 690 | 37.3 (35.1–39.5) | 3,505 | 3.2 (3.1–3.3) | 0 | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) |
|
| ||||||||
| Payer type | ||||||||
| Medicare | 132,683 | 49.2 (49.0–49.4) | 608 | 32.9 (30.8–35.1) | 63,032 | 56.9 (56.6–57.2) | 69,043 | 44.0 (43.7–44.2) |
| Commercial | 68,764 | 25.5 (25.3–25.7) | 530 | 28.7 (26.6–30.8) | 23,612 | 21.3 (21.1–21.5) | 44,622 | 28.4 (28.2–28.6) |
| Medicaid | 40,048 | 14.9 (14.7–15.0) | 491 | 26.6 (24.6–28.6) | 14,226 | 12.8 (12.6–13.0) | 25,331 | 16.1 (16.0–16.3) |
| Charity/indigent/self-pay | 14,619 | 5.4 (5.3–5.5) | 143 | 7.7 (6.6–9.0) | 4,929 | 4.5 (4.3–4.6) | 9,547 | 6.1 (6.0–6.2) |
| Other | 13,560 | 5.0 (4.9–5.1) | 77 | 4.2 (3.3–5.2) | 5,044 | 4.6 (4.4–4.7) | 8,439 | 5.4 (5.3–5.5) |
|
| ||||||||
| Admission month | ||||||||
| 2019–February | 267 | 0.1 (0.1–0.1) | 0 | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 112 | 0.1 (0.1–0.1) | 155 | 0.1 (0.1–0.1) |
| March–April | 65,803 | 24.4 (24.2–24.6) | 378 | 20.4 (18.7–22.3) | 27,002 | 24.4 (24.1–24.6) | 38,423 | 24.5 (24.3–24.7) |
| May–June | 45,571 | 16.9 (16.8–17.0) | 326 | 17.6 (16.0–19.4) | 18,802 | 17.0 (16.7–17.2) | 26,443 | 16.8 (16.7–17.0) |
| July–August | 70,662 | 26.2 (26.0–26.4) | 478 | 25.9 (23.9–27.9) | 29,805 | 26.9 (26.6–27.2) | 40,379 | 25.7 (25.5–25.9) |
| September–November | 87,371 | 32.4 (32.2–32.6) | 667 | 36.1 (33.9–38.3) | 35,122 | 31.7 (31.4–32.0) | 51,582 | 32.9 (32.6–33.1) |
|
| ||||||||
| Hospital area | ||||||||
| Urban | 239,205 | 88.7 (88.6–88.8) | 1,629 | 88.1 (86.5–89.5) | 97,783 | 88.2 (88.0–88.4) | 139,793 | 89.1 (88.9–89.2) |
| Rural | 30,469 | 11.3 (11.2–11.4) | 220 | 11.9 (10.5–13.5) | 13,060 | 11.8 (11.6–12.0) | 17,189 | 11.0 (10.8–11.1) |
|
| ||||||||
| Hospital census region | ||||||||
| South | 121,947 | 45.2 (45.0–45.4) | 800 | 43.3 (41.0–45.5) | 51,344 | 46.3 (46.0–46.6) | 69,803 | 44.5 (44.2–44.7) |
| Northeast | 54,964 | 20.4 (20.2–20.5) | 355 | 19.2 (17.5–21.1) | 21,710 | 19.6 (19.4–19.8) | 32,899 | 21.0 (20.8–21.2) |
| Midwest | 60,478 | 22.4 (22.3–22.6) | 471 | 25.5 (23.5–27.5) | 23,965 | 21.6 (21.4–21.9) | 36,042 | 23.0 (22.8–23.2) |
| West | 32,285 | 12.0 (11.8–12.1) | 223 | 12.1 (10.7–13.6) | 13,824 | 12.5 (12.3–12.7) | 18,238 | 11.6 (11.5–11.8) |
|
| ||||||||
| Severity markers | ||||||||
| ICU/MV | 126,271 | 48.3 (48.1–48.5) | 1,095 | 60.2 (58.0–62.5) | 58,736 | 54.8 (54.5–55.1) | 66,440 | 43.6 (43.4–43.9) |
| Mortality | 39,843 | 14.8 (14.6–14.9) | 177 | 9.6 (8.3–11.0) | 20,540 | 18.5 (18.3–18.8) | 19,126 | 12.2 (12.0–12.3) |
Data are percentages of column totals and 95% CI unless otherwise specified. Patients admitted to the hospital prior to 2019 are included in the 2019–February category. COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
§
Median age by patient category: all, 64 years (interquartile range 50–76); T1DM, 45 years (30–61); T2DM, 67 years (56–76); and no diabetes, 67 years (56–76).