Table 2.

Standardized coefficient of PMPU and depressive symptom on cross-lagged model

Parameter	β	SE	P
Stability paths
PMPU 1→PMPU 2	0.497	0.059	<0.001
Dep 1→Dep 2	0.382	0.065	<0.001
Cross-lagged effects
PMPU 1→Dep 2	0.153	0.069	0.008
Dep 1→PMPU 2	0.023	0.065	0.729

Note: PMPU, problematic mobile phone use; Dep, depressive symptom; SE, standard error.