Table 4.
The categorical stability of gambling motives from 2016 to 2017
| Gambling motives (primary + additional) | Endorsed in 2016, not in 2017 | Endorsed in 2017, not in 2016 | McNemar's test | ||||||
| Endorsed in 2016 | Endorsed in 2017 | ||||||||
| % | (n) | % | (n) | % | (n) | % | (n) | P | |
| Money | 79.2 | (1,641) | 78.9 | (1,629) | 9.5 | (199) | 9.2 | (193) | 0.801 |
| Positive feeling | 66.7 | (1,356) | 66.7 | (1,351) | 12.0 | (255) | 12.0 | (260) | 1.000 |
| Worthy causes | 26.3 | (559) | 21.0 | (460) | 8.1 | (179) | 13.4 | (278) | <0.001 |
| Socializing | 10.5 | (214) | 10.5 | (211) | 6.1 | (121) | 6.2 | (124) | 0.951 |
| Escape | 3.3 | (56) | 2.8 | (50) | 2.0 | (36) | 2.5 | (42) | 0.358 |
| Other1 | 18.9 | (416) | 22.8 | (487) | 13.5 | (284) | 9.6 | (213) | <0.001 |
| Primary gambling motives | Endorsed in 2016, not in 2017 | Endorsed in 2017, not in 2016 | McNemar's test | ||||||
| Endorsed in 2016 | Endorsed in 2017 | ||||||||
| % | (n) | % | (n) | % | (n) | % | (n) | P | |
| Money | 52.8 | (1,112) | 53.4 | (1,119) | 13.0 | (266) | 12.4 | (259) | 0.634 |
| Positive feeling | 35.1 | (707) | 33.8 | (684) | 12.2 | (256) | 13.5 | (279) | 0.264 |
| Worthy causes | 3.0 | (72) | 3.2 | (73) | 1.9 | (45) | 1.8 | (44) | 0.734 |
| Socializing | 2.7 | (57) | 1.8 | (40) | 1.0 | (26) | 2.0 | (43) | 0.017 |
| Escape | 0.5 | (8) | 0.2 | (5) | 0.2 | (<5) | 0.4 | (7) | † |
| Other1 | 4.7 | (102) | 5.8 | (120) | 4.3 | (92) | 3.3 | (74) | 0.099 |
| Missing | 1.2 | (20) | 1.8 | (37) | 1.7 | (35) | 1.0 | (18) | 0.111 |
| Additional gambling motives | Endorsed in 2016, not in 2017 | Endorsed in 2017, not in 2016 | McNemar's test | ||||||
| Endorsed in 2016 | Endorsed in 2017 | ||||||||
| % | (n) | % | (n) | % | (n) | % | (n) | P | |
| Money | 40.0 | (815) | 28.8 | (581) | 12.7 | (264) | 24.3 | (498) | <0.001 |
| Positive feeling | 47.0 | (952) | 42.4 | (859) | 15.7 | (332) | 20.3 | (425) | <0.001 |
| Worthy causes | 24.3 | (507) | 18.3 | (397) | 8.2 | (179) | 14.1 | (289) | <0.001 |
| Socializing | 8.4 | (168) | 8.9 | (177) | 6.2 | (120) | 5.7 | (111) | 0.569 |
| Escape | 2.9 | (49) | 2.6 | (45) | 1.9 | (34) | 2.2 | (38) | 0.520 |
| Other1 | 17.3 | (383) | 20.5 | (440) | 12.7 | (269) | 9.5 | (212) | 0.003 |
Note. n = 2,078 in both waves; Percentages are calculated from the weighted data, frequencies from the non-weighted data; 1Other/Do not know; † Data too uncertain for presentation.