Appendix Table 3.
Risk Difference of Influenza Vaccination Uptakes by Category and High-Risk,* Status, 2018 to 2019 Influenza Season†
| Characteristic | Comparison Within Category, Risk Difference (95% Confidence Limit) |
Comparison by High-Risk Status (High Risk Minus Non-High Risk), Risk Difference (95% Confidence Limit) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| High Risk | Non-High Risk | Total | ||
|
| ||||
| Total | - | - | - | 28.5 (28.5 to 28.6) |
| Age group | ||||
| 19–49 y | −22.1 (−22.2 to −22.0) | −19.4 (−19.5 to −19.3) | −23.8 (−23.9 to −23.7) | 22.7 (22.5 to 22.8) |
| 50–64 y | −15.2 (−15.3 to −15.1) | −16.5 (−16.6 to −16.4) | −14.4 (−14.5 to −14.3) | 26.7 (26.6 to 26.8) |
| 65–74 y | Referent | Referent | Referent | 25.3 (25.3 to 25.4) |
| ≥75 y | 7.3 (7.3 to 7.3) | 5.0 (4.9 to 5.1) | 10.6 (10.5 to 10.6) | 27.6 (27.6 to 27.7) |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | Referent | Referent | Referent | 32.7 (32.7 to 32.8) |
| Female | 3.0 (3.0 to 3.0) | 11.9 (11.8 to 12.0) | 6.0 (6.0 to 6.0) | 23.8 (23.8 to 23.9) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| White | Referent | Referent | Referent | 27.5 (27.5 to 27.6) |
| Black | −17.1 (−17.1 to −17.0) | −21.2 (−21.2 to −21.1) | − 17.9 (−18.0 to −17.9) | 31.6 (31.5 to 31.7) |
| Hispanic | −19.7 (−19.8 to −19.6) | −21.9 (−22.1 to −21.8) | −22.5 (−22.6 to −22.3) | 29.8 (29.6 to 30.0) |
| Asian | −0.1 (−0.3 to 0.0) | −9.5 (−9.7 to −9.2) | −2.7 (−2.8 to −2.5) | 36.9 (36.6 to 37.1) |
| Other | −4.2 (−4.4 to −4.1) | −8.7 (−8.9 to −8.5) | −6.0 (−6.1 to −5.9) | 32.0 (31.8 to 32.2) |
| Region | ||||
| Midwest | 5.5 (5.4 to 5.6) | 4.9 (4.8 to 5.0) | 6.6 (6.6 to 6.7) | 26.6 (26.6 to 26.7) |
| Northeast | 8.3 (8.3 to 8.4) | 2.6 (2.5 to 2.7) | 9.2 (9.1 to 9.2) | 31.8 (31.7 to 31.9) |
| South | 3.0 (2.9 to 3.0) | −0.2 (−0.3 to −0.1) | 4.3 (4.2 to 4.3) | 29.2 (29.1 to 29.2) |
| West | Referent | Referent | Referent | 26.1 (26.0 to 26.1) |
| Dual eligibility for Medicare and Medicaid | ||||
| Dual eligible | −15.3 (−15.3 to −15.2) | −15.2 (−15.3 to −15.1) | −14.2 (−14.2 to −14.1) | 29.0 (29.0 to 29.1) |
| Not dual eligible | Referent | Referent | Referent | 29.0 (29.0 to 29.1) |
| Type of provider visited for E/M | ||||
| None | Referent | Referent | Referent | 11.7 (11.6 to 11.7) |
| PCP | 33.1 (33.1 to 33.2) | 30.8 (30.7 to 30.9) | 39.8 (39.7 to 39.8) | 14.0 (13.9 to 14.1) |
| PCP and specialist | 42.3 (42.2 to 42.4) | 44.4 (44.2 to 44.6) | 49.9 (49.8 to 49.9) | 9.5 (9.4 to 9.7) |
| Specialist | 35.4 (35.3 to 35.5) | 33.3 (33.1 to 33.4) | 41.5 (41.4 to 41.5) | 13.8 (13.7 to 14.0) |
| Others‡ | 24.6 (24.5 to 24.8) | 20.8 (20.7 to 20.9) | 29.6 (29.6 to 29.7) | 15.5 (15.4 to 15.6) |
| Number of E/M visits | ||||
| 0 | Referent | Referent | Referent | 11.7 (11.6 to 11.7) |
| 1 | 21.3 (21.2 to 21.4) | 21.5 (21.4 to 21.6) | 25.9 (25.8 to 25.9) | 11.4 (11.3 to 11.6) |
| ≥2 | 35.0 (34.9 to 35.1) | 31.7 (31.7 to 31.8) | 41.7 (41.7 to 41.7) | 14.9 (14.9 to 15.0) |
| Number of E/M visits to PCP | ||||
| 0 | Referent | Referent | Referent | 26.9 (26.9 to 27.0) |
| 1 | 7.5 (7.4 to 7.5) | 22.2 (22.1 to 22.3) | 14.4 (14.4 to 14.5) | 12.2 (12.1 to 12.3) |
| ≥2 | 13.3 (13.2 to 13.3) | 26.7 (26.5 to 26.8) | 21.3 (21.3 to 21.4) | 13.6 (13.4 to 13.7) |
| Number of E/M visits to specialist | ||||
| 0 | Referent | Referent | Referent | 27.9 (27.9 to 27.9) |
| 1 | 10.5 (10.4 to 10.6) | 24.8 (24.7 to 25.0) | 15.6 (15.6 to 15.7) | 13.6 (13.4 to 13.7) |
| ≥2 | 13.2 (13.2 to 13.3) | 27.4 (27.2 to 27.6) | 19.1 (19.1 to 19.2) | 13.7 (13.5 to 13.9) |
E/M = evaluation and management; PCP = primary care provider.
*
Indicates diagnosis with a condition associated with elevated risk for influenza complications.
†
The risk differences are estimated based on the uptakes reported in Table 1.
‡
Includes clinics or group practices; nonphysician providers (including nurse practitioners, physician assistants, and clinical nurse specialists); ambulatory outpatient facilities, such as end-stage renal disease facilities; and institutional providers, such as hospitals, skilled-nursing facilities, and home health agencies.