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. 2022 May 16;12(23):14645–14654. doi: 10.1039/d2ra01355j

Surface atomic composition of fresh and used samples by XPS analysis.

Sample Fresh Used
Ce/Zr M/(Ce + Zr) K/(Ce + Zr) Ce3+/Ce4+ Ce/Zr M/(Ce + Zr) K/(Ce + Zr) Ce3+/Ce4+
CeZr 1.84 0.24 2.80 0.30
Fe-CeZr 2.46 0.31 0.31 1.93 0.28 0.73
Mn-CeZr 2.29 0.32 0.59 1.36 0.26 0.44
Cu-CeZr 2.73 0.60 0.70 1.41 0.47 0.39
K-CeZr 2.86 0.15 0.36 2.70 0.06 0.41
K-Fe-CeZr 3.92 0.30 0.06 0.55 2.17 0.40 0.15 0.58
K-Cu-CeZr 2.48 0.08 0.14 0.53 1.43 0.37 0.35 1.01