Surface atomic composition of fresh and used samples by XPS analysis.
| Sample | Fresh | Used | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ce/Zr | M/(Ce + Zr) | K/(Ce + Zr) | Ce3+/Ce4+ | Ce/Zr | M/(Ce + Zr) | K/(Ce + Zr) | Ce3+/Ce4+ | |
| CeZr | 1.84 | 0.24 | 2.80 | 0.30 | ||||
| Fe-CeZr | 2.46 | 0.31 | 0.31 | 1.93 | 0.28 | 0.73 | ||
| Mn-CeZr | 2.29 | 0.32 | 0.59 | 1.36 | 0.26 | 0.44 | ||
| Cu-CeZr | 2.73 | 0.60 | 0.70 | 1.41 | 0.47 | 0.39 | ||
| K-CeZr | 2.86 | 0.15 | 0.36 | 2.70 | 0.06 | 0.41 | ||
| K-Fe-CeZr | 3.92 | 0.30 | 0.06 | 0.55 | 2.17 | 0.40 | 0.15 | 0.58 |
| K-Cu-CeZr | 2.48 | 0.08 | 0.14 | 0.53 | 1.43 | 0.37 | 0.35 | 1.01 |