Table 4.

Factors Associated with Post-Fracture Stiffness Among Post-Fracture Individuals at Gondar University, Ethiopia (n=230)

Variable	Category	Univariate COR (95% CI)	Multivariate AOR (95% CI)
Gender	Female	1 ref	1 ref
	Male	3.97 (1.61–9.80)	0.58 (0.16–2.05)
Residence	Urban	1 ref	1 ref
	Rural	0.51 (0.28–0.943.85)	1.57 (0.65–3.77)
Marital status	Married	1 ref	1 ref
	Single	2.96 (0.63–13.98)	0.59 (0.24–1.48)
	Others	1.56 (0.33–7.47)	0.67 (0.09–4.57)
Physical exercise	Yes	2.11 (1.14–3.89)	0.58 (0.21–1.56)
	No	1 ref	1 ref
Educational level	No formal education	1.57 (0.49–6.25)	0.65 (0.03–2.44)
	Primary school	1.38 (0.40–4.70)	0.16 (0.20–2.44)
	Secondary school	1.3 (0.41–4.59)	0.18 (0.02–1.35)
	College diploma	0.22 (0.02–2.19)	0.11 (0.07–1.90)
	Degree and above	1 ref	1 ref
Fracture side	Right upper extremity	1 ref	1 ref
	Left upper extremity	0.39 (0.67–0.91)	0.91 (0.24–1.56)
	Right lower extremity	0.18 (0.17–1.27)	2.56 (0.74–8.83)
	Left lower extremity	0.50 (0.24–1.03)	10.83 (2.50–46.89)*
Means of fracture management	External fixation	1 ref	1 ref
	Plaster of Paris	0.32 (0.12–0.89)	2.42 (0.89–4.57)
	Internal fixation	0.55 (0.19–1.58)	2.90 (0.67–12.64)
Complication after hospitalization	Yes	0.49 (0.24–1.03)	0.53 (0.19–1.45)
	No	1 ref	1 ref
Awareness about physiotherapy	Yes	1 ref	1 ref
	No	0.19 (0.08–0.42)	1.42 (0.65–6.41)
Currently on physiotherapy follow-up	Yes	1 ref	1 ref
	No	0.12 (0.40–0.33)	6.72 (1.79–25.13)*
Uses assistive device	Yes	1 ref	1 ref
	No	0.27 (0.14–0.54)	11.95 (3.63–39.35)*

Notes: *Significant variable (p≤0.05); 1 ref, reference category.

Abbreviations: COR, crude odds ratio; AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.