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Output and input legitimacy of ‘Multi-Speed Europe’ and ‘Multi-end Europe’
| Criteria | Sub-criteria | Multi-Speed Europe | Multi-End Europe |
|---|---|---|---|
| EU functioning (Output legitimacy) | Decision-making | Higher efficiency | Higher efficiency |
| Transaction costs | Transient increase | Accumulative increase | |
| Disintegration | Low risk | Higher risk | |
| Self-determination (Input legitimacy) | Voluntary DI | High | High |
| Involuntary DI | Low | Very low |
