Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Patients at Baseline (N = 150)
| Group A | Group B | Group C | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 50 | n = 50 | n = 50 | ||
| Sex | 0.610 | |||
| Female | 9 | 12 | 13 | |
| male | 41 | 38 | 37 | |
| Age (year) | 65.9±8.9 | 65.6±8.8 | 64.8±9.3 | 0.823 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.5±2.13 | 24.0±1.9 | 24.2±2.0 | 0.301 |
| Smoking (package. year) | 35.7±12.9 | 33.8±16.6 | 39.0±13.4 | 0.190 |
| Education (year) | 8.6±3.2 | 8.5±2.9 | 9.2±2.7 | 0.432 |
| Single | ||||
| Yes | 4 | 7 | 2 | 0.202 |
| No | 46 | 43 | 48 | |
| IADL (scores) | 17.4±3.8 | 16.5±3.6 | 17.4±3.5 | 0.317 |
| FEV1 (L) | 1.11±0.30 | 1.14±0.31 | 1.14±0.37 | 0.835 |
| FEV1/FVC% | 50.0±11.2 | 50.3±11.4 | 48.4±10.3 | 0.636 |
| FEV1%pred | 48.7±11.2 | 50.4±11.4 | 47.4±11.5 | 0.418 |
| DLco%pred | 62.6% | 67.1% | 63.4% | 0.571 |
| Comorbidities | 0.482 | |||
| Arterial hypertension | 7 | 5 | 7 | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 7 | 6 | 11 | |
| Coronary heart disease | 8 | 10 | 7 | |
| Pharmacological therapy | 0.549 | |||
| SABA | 3 | 1 | 3 | |
| LAMA | 6 | 8 | 7 | |
| LABA+ICS | 23 | 22 | 19 | |
| LABA+LAMA | 9 | 13 | 11 | |
| LABA+ICS+LAMA | 9 | 6 | 10 | |
| None-Pharmacological therapy | 0.645 | |||
| LTOT | 14 | 10 | 12 | |
| NIV | 10 | 9 | 7 | |
| 6MWD (m) | 383.1±36.9 | 380.3±38.7 | 376.1±36.1 | 0.909 |
| mMRC (score) | 2.7±0.95 | 2.8±0.84 | 2.5±0.79 | 0.145 |
| CAT (score) | 20.8±7.5 | 20.9±6.9 | 21.4±7.8 | 0.332 |
| BDI (score) | 11.6±4.4 | 11.3±5.9 | 12.4±4.1 | 2.025 |
| SAI (score) | 39.9±11.8 | 43.1±10.9 | 40.4±8.8 | 1.296 |
| TAI (score) | 46.1±12.1 | 46.0±11.0 | 45.3±9.0 | 1.064 |
| Exacerbation, previous 12 months | 3.4±1.5 | 3.2±1.3 | 3.4±1.6 | 0.317 |
Notes: Group A, PR Maintenance at home via WeChat. Group B, PR Maintenance at hospital. Group C, Usual care. For categorical variables, the results are expressed as number; For continuous variables, the results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; IADL, instrumental activities of daily living; FVC, forced vital capacity; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1s; DLco, diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide; SABA, short-acting beta-agonist; LAMA, long-acting muscarinic agonist; LABA, long-acting beta-agonist; ICS, inhaled corticosteroid; LTOT, long-term oxygen therapy; NIV, non-invasive ventilation; 6MWD, six-minutes walking distance; CAT, COPD assessment test; mMRC, modified Medical Research Council scale; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; SAI, State Anxiety Inventory; TAI, Trait Anxiety Inventory.