Table 2. Changes in gene expression in E. coli F31 cultured in HD11 cells measured by microarray which were down-regulated by greater than 10-fold after 8 hours culture in HD11 cells.

Gene class	Gene	Function or product	Mean change in expression 8 hours
Electron transport and metabolism	fdnG	FdnG, alpha subunit of formate dehydrogenase-N	13.92
	napA	Periplasmic nitrate reductase precursor	20.72
	napC	Nitrate reductase, cytochrome c-type, periplasmic	15.05
	narG	Nitrate reductase 1, alpha subunit	16.09
	narH	Nitrate reductase 1, beta (Fe-S) subunit	10.38
	narI	Respiratory nitrate reductase 1 gamma chain	11.15
	nirB	Nitrite reductase, large subunit, NAD(P)H-binding	17.43
	nirD	Nitrite reductase (NAD(P)H) subunit	20.94
	pykF	Pyruvate kinase 1	15.72
Surface and virulence functions	kpsC	Capsule polysaccharide export protein KpsC	13.53
	kpsM	Polysialic acid transport protein KpsM	14.68
	kpsS	Polysialic acid capsule synthesis protein KpsS	12.56
	kpsT	Polysialic acid transport ATP-binding protein KpsT	16.01
	neuA	Acylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase	50.32
	neuB	Sialic acid synthase NeuB	24.04
	neuC	Polysialic acid biosynthesis protein	45.91
	neuD	Sialic acid synthase NeuD	32.51
	neuS	Poly-alpha-2,8 sialosyl sialyltransferase NeuS	42.5
	nmpC	NmpC precursor	41.75
	ompF	OmpF	38.29
	ompN	Outer membrane protein N precursor	34.26