Table 3.
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis
| Demographic Variable | Odds Ratio of Having Good Mobility | Odds Ratio of Having Good Self-Care | Odds Ratio of Practicing Usual Activities Easily | Odds Ratio of Not Having Pain and Discomfort | Odds Ratio of Not Having Anxiety and Depression |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age category | |||||
| 18–25 years (Reference group) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 26–40 years | 6.66 (3.98–11.16)*** | 5.46 (3.13–9.52)*** | 4.07 (2.58–6.43)*** | 2.64 (1.68–4.15)*** | 1.25 (0.82–1.93) |
| 41–60 years | 0.13 (0.08–0.21)*** | 0.20 (0.12–0.34)*** | 0.16 (0.10–0.27)*** | 0.29 (0.18–0.46)*** | 0.71 (0.45–1.12) |
| Gender | |||||
| Male (Reference group) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Female | 0.60 (0.37–0.99)* | 0.76 (0.45–1.28) | 0.66 (0.42–1.04) | 0.58 (0.36–0.94)* | 0.67 (0.42–1.05) |
| Marital status | |||||
| Single (Reference group) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Married | 3.42 (2.14–5.47)*** | 3.12 (1.91–5.09)*** | 3.07 (1.93–4.89)*** | 2.37 (1.50–3.74)*** | 1.91 (1.21–3.02)** |
| Divorced | 2.40 (0.87–6.60) | 3.05 (0.89–10.46) | 2.03 (0.84–4.87) | 1.80 (0.73–4.47) | 1.18 (0.52–2.72) |
| Widowed | 0.23 (0.13–0.40)*** | 0.30 (0.17–0.52)*** | 0.22 (0.12–0.40)*** | 0.40 (0.23–0.69)** | 0.47 (0.27–0.83)** |
| Education level | |||||
| Primary education (Reference group) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| High school level | 4.48 (2.04–9.82)*** | 4.16 (1.72–10.05)** | 2.94 (1.58–5.49)** | 2.82 (1.46–5.48)** | 1.06 (0.60–1.88) |
| Diploma | 4.30 (1.25–14.79)* | - | 3.77 (1.36–10.40)* | 8.27 (1.91–35.87)** | 2.32 (0.96–5.63) |
| Bachelor degree | - | - | 8.57 (2.95–24.93)*** | 6.14 (2.11–17.85)** | 1.77 (0.86–3.64) |
| Employment status | |||||
| Without job/housewives (Reference group) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Retired | 8.22 (1.06–63.65)* | - | 6.15 (1.36–27.93)* | 4.49 (0.99–20.40) | 3.06 (0.94–9.95) |
| Has a job outside the medical field | 35.98 (4.90–264.36)*** | 23.75 (3.23–174.74)** | 6.00 (2.71–13.27)*** | 3.61 (1.69–7.73)** | 1.78 (0.96–3.30) |
| Has a job in the medical field | 0.92 (0.52–1.64) | 0.92 (0.50–1.69) | 0.72 (0.41–1.26) | 1.36 (0.76–2.44) | 1.26 (0.72–2.21) |
| Do you have health insurance? | |||||
| No (Reference group) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 2.09 (1.22–3.58)** | 2.30 (1.26–4.20)** | 1.88 (1.15–3.08)* | 3.33 (1.91–5.81)*** | 1.79 (1.10–2.92)* |
| How long have you been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes? | |||||
| 5 years or lower (Reference group) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| More than 5 years | 0.51 (0.31–0.86)* | 0.75 (0.44–1.28) | 0.44 (0.27–0.71)** | 0.67 (0.41–1.09) | 0.71 (0.45–1.14) |
| Does your family have a history of type 2 diabetes? | |||||
| No (Reference group) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 1.74 (1.07–2.86)* | 1.35 (0.80–2.28) | 1.47 (0.90–2.40) | 1.75 (1.07–2.85)* | 1.37 (0.84–2.24) |
| Smoking status | |||||
| No (Reference group) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 1.81 (0.87–3.73) | 2.23 (0.95–5.21) | 2.11 (1.07–4.18)* | 1.69 (0.85–3.39) | 1.33 (0.70–2.55) |
| Do you exercise daily (At least 30 minutes, 5 days a week)? | |||||
| No (Reference group) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 6.58 (3.42–12.69)*** | 9.62 (4.05–22.89)*** | 7.21 (4.06–12.81)*** | 3.40 (1.98–5.82)*** | 2.70 (1.66–4.39)*** |
| Do you take your medication regularly as prescribed by your doctor? | |||||
| No (Reference group) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 3.08 (1.68–5.64)*** | 2.85 (1.56–5.20)** | 3.90 (2.00–7.60)*** | 3.31 (1.78–6.14)*** | 2.77 (1.44–5.32)** |
| Have you ever been admitted to hospital due to complications from diabetes? | |||||
| No (Reference group) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 0.41 (0.25–0.65)*** | 0.49 (0.30–0.81)** | 0.36 (0.22–0.59)*** | 0.56 (0.35–0.90)* | 0.37 (0.23–0.61)*** |
Note: *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001.