TABLE 2.
Selected characteristics of infants with birth defects potentially related to Zika virus infection and infants with no reported birth defects during the first year of life in North Carolina, 2011–2016
| Infants with birth defects potentially related to Zika virus infection (n = 551) | Infants with no reported birth defects (n = 365,318) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal characteristic | |||
| Age | |||
| <20 years | 66 (12.0) | 44,313 (12.1) | |
| 20–29 years | 326 (59.2) | 225,702 (61.8) | |
| 30–39 years | 146 (26.5) | 88,984 (24) | |
| ≥40 years | 13 (2.4) | 6,310 (1.7) | |
| Education | .03* | ||
| <High school diploma | 140 (25.5) | 100,584 (27.6) | |
| High school diploma or GED | 158 (28.8) | 117,308 (32.2) | |
| >High school diploma | 251 (45.7) | 146,622 (40.2) | |
| Race/ethnicity | <.001* | ||
| White/non-Hispanic | 284 (51.5) | 148,058 (40.5) | |
| Black/non-Hispanic | 165 (30.0) | 121,050 (33.1) | |
| Hispanic | 84 (15.3) | 79,428 (21.7) | |
| Asian/PI/AIAN/other | 18 (3.3) | 16,782 (4.6) | |
| Number of other living children | .02* | ||
| 0 | 239 (43.4) | 136,905 (37.5) | |
| 1 | 146 (26.5) | 107,513 (29.4) | |
| ≥2 | 166 (30.1) | 120,849 (33.1) | |
| Marital status | .06 | ||
| Married | 214 (38.9) | 128,062 (35.1) | |
| Not married | 336 (61.1) | 237,102 (64.9) | |
| Initiation of prenatal care in the first trimester | <.001* | ||
| Yes | 282 (52.4) | 221,404 (61.3) | |
| No | 226 (42.0) | 132,239 (36.6) | |
| No prenatal care | 30 (5.6) | 7,752 (2.2) | |
| Infant characteristic | |||
| Birthweight/gestational age | <.001* | ||
| <2,500 g, preterm (<37 weeks) | 134 (24.3) | 21,617 (5.9) | |
| <2,500 g, term (≥37 weeks) | 38 (6.9) | 12,439 (3.4) | |
| ≥2,500 g, preterm (<37 weeks) | 46 (8.4) | 14,599 (4.0) | |
| ≥2,500 g, term (≥37 weeks) | 333 (60.4) | 316,617 (86.7) | |
| Sex | .06 | ||
| Female | 294 (53.4) | 180,344 (49.4) | |
| Male | 257 (46.6) | 184,973 (50.6) | |
| Healthcare system characteristic | |||
| Hospital size | <.001* | ||
| <500 births per year | 25 (4.6) | 42,004 (11.6) | |
| 500–999 births per year | 41 (7.5) | 57,396 (15.8) | |
| 1,000–1999 births per year | 58 (10.6) | 72,752 (20.0) | |
| ≥2000 births per year | 424 (77.4) | 191,552 (52.7) | |
| Perinatal care region | <.002* | ||
| Western | 43 (7.8) | 27,067 (7.4) | |
| Southwestern | 71 (12.9) | 71,126 (19.5) | |
| Eastern | 79 (14.3) | 54,405 (14.9) | |
| Southeastern | 102 (18.5) | 54,535 (14.9) | |
| Northeastern | 119 (21.6) | 69,036 (18.9) | |
| Northwestern | 137 (24.9) | 89,149 (24.4) | |
*
p < 0.05 by chi-square test.