Fig. 1.

Empirical described predictors of acute and long-term effects of Psychedelics. The Altered State of Consciousness Questionnaire (5D-ASC) ^{31 79} and the Mysticism Scale (M-Scale) ^{58 59} are usually administered shortly after the acute psychedelic experience. Red arrows=positive correlations; blue arrows=negative correlations: a : Scoring high on trait openness ^{47 48} , absorption ^{32 54} , and optimism about life ^{47 48} , being relaxed the day(s) before drug intake intake ^{32 47 48} , using a non-judgmental emotion regulation strategy ⁴⁸ , pre-experience with ASCs ^{47 48} , older age ⁴⁷ , and a pleasant ambiance ³² , supportive music ^{51 53 62} , and meditation practice ⁴⁹ were predictive for a positive psychedelic experience (e. g., “Oceanic Boundlessness”) in healthy volunteers (HVs). High emotional re-appraisal capacity reduced the occurrence of distressing experiences (e. g., “Dread of ego-dissolution”) ⁴⁸ . On the other hand, high neuroticism, young age, and an impersonal laboratory setting predicted unpleasant and anxious reactions to psilocybin in healthy volunteers ³² . In addition, high absorption capacity and esthetic sensibility predicted changes in visual perception and altered meaning of percepts (VIS) ^{32 47} . b : Mysticism Total Score (M-Scale or MEQ30) predicted persisting increases in trait openness ^{67 68} , mood, well-being, attitudes and psychosocial behaviors in healthy volunteers ^{48 67 69} . The M-Scale subdimensions “unity” and “sacredness” predicted persisting increases in self-acceptance and appreciation for life in healthy volunteers ⁴⁸ , while “ego dissolution” predicted lasting increases in openness and mood ⁸⁰ .