Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population.
| Characteristics | All | PNI | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| <39.7 | ≥39.7 | |||
| Number of patients | 940 | 361 | 719 | |
| Age, years | 67.46 ± 15.37 | 68.26 ± 14.88 | 66.97 ± 15.66 | 0.270 |
| Sex, n (%) | 0.185 | |||
| Male | 424 (45.11) | 153 (42.38) | 271 (46.80) | |
| Female | 516 (54.89) | 208 (57.62) | 308 (53.20) | |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | 0.832 | |||
| White | 669 (71.17) | 261 (72.30) | 408 (70.47) | |
| Black | 82 (8.72) | 30 (8.31) | 52 (8.98) | |
| Other | 189 (20.11) | 70 (19.39) | 119 (20.55) | |
| Vital signs | ||||
| SBP, mmHg | 127.12 ± 18.12 | 121.47 ± 17.64 | 130.63 ± 17.53 | <0.001 |
| DBP, mmHg | 63.57 ± 11.36 | 61.22 ± 10.79 | 65.04 ± 11.47 | <0.001 |
| MAP, mmHg | 82.17 ± 11.74 | 79.20 ± 11.39 | 84.01 ± 11.59 | <0.001 |
| Heart rate, beats/min | 83.26 ± 16.39 | 86.69 ± 17.06 | 81.12 ± 15.61 | <0.001 |
| Temperature, °C | 36.94 ± 0.69 | 36.92 ± 0.74 | 36.95 ± 0.66 | <0.001 |
| SpO2, % | 97.60 ± 2.23 | 97.58 ± 2.45 | 97.60 ± 2.09 | <0.001 |
| Respiratory rate, t/min | 19.05 ± 4.02 | 20.21 ± 4.56 | 18.32 ± 3.45 | <0.001 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Heart failure, n (%) | 106 (11.28) | 60 (16.62) | 46 (7.94) | <0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 282 (30.00) | 128 (35.46) | 154 (26.60) | 0.004 |
| CHD, n (%) | 163 (17.34) | 61 (16.90) | 102 (17.62) | 0.777 |
| Laboratory parameters | ||||
| PNI | 43.08 ± 24.37 | 33.25 ± 5.28 | 49.21 ± 29.15 | <0.001 |
| Albumin, g/dl | 3.51 ± 0.69 | 2.87 ± 0.52 | 3.90 ± 0.45 | <0.001 |
| WBC, 109/l | 14.11 ± 8.98 | 14.11 ± 8.98 | 14.90 ± 16.24 | 0.284 |
| Platelet, 109/l | 236.95 ± 122.21 | 217.00 ± 143.43 | 249.39 ± 105.10 | <0.001 |
| Lymphocyte, % | 13.66 ± 11.03 | 10.18 ± 10.50 | 15.83 ± 10.80 | <0.001 |
| Creatinine, mg/dl | 1.62 ± 2.05 | 1.88 ± 1.68 | 1.46 ± 2.24 | <0.001 |
| BUN, mg/dl | 29.03 ± 23.39 | 37.29 ± 29.03 | 23.86 ± 17.12 | <0.001 |
| Serum chloride, mg/dl | 107.54 ± 6.85 | 108.54 ± 7.20 | 106.92 ± 6.55 | 0.005 |
| Anion gap, mg/dl | 17.09 ± 4.28 | 17.22 ± 4.81 | 17.01 ± 3.92 | 0.869 |
| Scoring systems | ||||
| SAPSII score | 2.81 ± 1.01 | 45.84 ± 14.46 | 36.73 ± 13.41 | <0.001 |
| SOFA score | 4.73 ± 3.29 | 6.20 ± 3.77 | 3.81 ± 2.56 | <0.001 |
| SIRS score | 2.81 ± 1.01 | 3.01 ± 0.93 | 2.69 ± 1.04 | <0.001 |
| Clinical outcomes, n (%) | ||||
| 30-day mortality | 244 (25.96) | 114 (31.58) | 130 (22.45) | <0.001 |
| 90-day mortality | 244 (25.96) | 144 (39.89) | 151 (26.08) | <0.001 |
| One-year mortality | 295 (31.38) | 170 (47.09) | 179 (30.92) | <0.001 |
| Length of stay in ICU | 6.84 ± 8.16 | 8.68 ± 8.90 | 5.69 ± 7.45 | <0.001 |
| Length of stay in hospital | 13.32 ± 13.59 | 16.13 ± 15.05 | 11.56 ± 12.29 | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: PNI: prognostic nutritional index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; MAP: mean arterial pressure; SAPSII: simplified acute physiology score II; SOFA: sequential organ failure assessment; ICU: intensive care unit; WBC: white blood cell; CHD: coronary heart disease; BUN: blood urea nitrogen.