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. 2022 May 17;61(3):2253–2278. doi: 10.1007/s10943-022-01580-y

Table 2.

Perceived changes in women and men, and persons with different roles in the free church

Perceived changes related to the corona pandemic (PCQ)
Nature/Silence/Contemplation Spirituality Relationships Reflection on life Digital media usage Restrictions
All (n = 1494) Mean 56.38 51.43 61.91 51.47 67.15 51.66
SD 17.55 14.00 18.36 19.10 20.87 27.29
Gender
Women (n = 735 Mean 57.92 52.68 63.47 53.34 68.54 51.28
SD 17.29 13.51 18.32 18.50 20.78 27.78
Men (n = 738) Mean 54.74 50.22 60.33 49.66 65.98 52.33
SD 17.66 14.38 18.30 19.49 20.71 26.75
F-value 12.21 11.45 10.85 13.83 5.63 0.54
p-value  < 0.0001 0.001 0.001  < 0.0001 .018 n.s
Age cohorts
 <  = 40 years (n = 321) Mean 52.42 50.86 61.92 52.17 65.14 57.33
SD 17.90 13.83 16.64 18.63 20.52 28.01
41–50 years (n = 242) Mean 55.62 51.12 61.64 48.83 65.07 53.20
SD 18.68 13.60 18.27 19.04 21.53 25.31
51–60 years (n = 361) Mean 56.43 51.10 61.16 49.87 65.67 52.01
SD 16.44 13.34 18.20 19.11 20.69 27.22
61–70 years (n = 320) Mean 58.79 51.61 62.52 52.57 68.89 48.48
SD 15.91 14.19 18.46 18.24 20.73 27.17
 > 70 years (n = 174) Mean 60.38 53.63 63.91 56.23 73.73 44.92
SD 18.13 15.39 19.89 19.88 19.64 27.33
F-value 8.23 1.31 0.76 4.94 6.81 7.52
p-value  < 0.0001 n.s n.s 0.001  < 0.0001  < 0.0001
Role in the free church
Pastor (n = 77) Mean 52.03 50.19 58.60 48.70 65.04 51.41
SD 16.71 14.31 20.03 19.87 18.93 22.76
Leading role in the local church (n = 301) Mean 57.23 50.36 63.35 49.36 67.51 45.02
SD 16.51 14.09 18.22 19.17 19.90 25.26
Other duties in the local church (n = 684) Mean 56.29 51.67 62.24 51.75 67.51 52.20
SD 17.49 13.87 17.96 18.62 20.13 28.17
Without duty in the local church (n = 421) Mean 56.68 52.00 60.93 53.12 66.48 55.90
SD 18.56 14.03 18.80 19.60 23.07 27.27
F-value 1.85 1.09 1.92 2.86 0.50 9.56
p-value n.s n.s n.s .036 n.s  < 0.0001