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EMPA treatment reduces cardiac oxidative stress levels in db/db mice. (a) DHE staining was used to evaluate superoxide production in heart tissues. (b) Mitochondrial ROS levels in heart tissues were detected by Mito-SOX staining. The expression levels of 4-HNE (c) and 3-NT (d) in heart tissues were determined with western blot analysis. The data are expressed as mean ± SD, n = 5 per group, ∗P < 0.05 vs. WT mice group; #P < 0.05 vs. db/db mice treated vehicle group.
