Table 2.
Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricle structure and function in mice.
| WT | db/db | db/db+EMPA | |
|---|---|---|---|
| HR (bpm) | 538.84 ± 29.27 | 427.29 ± 60.03∗ | 470.74 ± 66.60∗ |
| IVSd (mm) | 0.41 ± 0.09 | 0.48 ± 0.08 | 0.51 ± 0.04∗ |
| LVIDd (mm) | 3.9 ± 0.31 | 4.14 ± 0.17∗ | 4.14 ± 0.39 |
| LVPWd (mm) | 0.47 ± 0.09 | 0.54 ± 0.06 | 0.51 ± 0.06 |
| LVIDs (mm) | 2.16 ± 0.29 | 2.55 ± 0.29∗ | 2.38 ± 0.36 |
| EDV (ml) | 0.16 ± 0.03 | 0.18 ± 0.02 | 0.18 ± 0.05 |
| ESV (ml) | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.05 ± 0.02∗ | 0.04 ± 0.02 |
| LVEF (%) | 81.71 ± 3.12 | 74.71 ± 7.08∗ | 79.52 ± 6.09# |
| LVFS (%) | 44.60 ± 3.18 | 38.40 ± 5.54∗ | 42.79 ± 5.70# |
| SV (ml) | 0.12 ± 0.02 | 0.13 ± 0.02 | 0.14 ± 0.04 |
| CO (mL/min) | 62.00 ± 13.98 | 56.25 ± 11.88 | 66.25 ± 15.06 |
Note: Data are presented as mean ± SD. ∗P < 0.05 vs. WT mice group; #P < 0.05 vs. db/db mice treated vehicle group. HR: heart rate; IVSd: interventricular septal width during end-diastole; LVIDd: left ventricular internal diastolic diameter; LVPWd: left ventricular posterior wall diameter; LVIDs: left ventricular internal systolic diameter; LVEDV: left ventricular end-diastolic velocity; LVESV: left ventricular end-systolic volume; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; LVFS: left ventricular fractional shortening; SV: stroke volume; CO: cardiac output.