Table 1.
Genome-wide DNA methylation and histone modification analyses in HD.
| DNA modifications | Samples | Reference |
|---|---|---|
|
| ||
| 5mC | Human HD (fibroblasts; with or without HDACi 4b treatment) | Jia et al. (2015) |
| Human HD (various brain regions: caudate nucleus, cingulate gyrus, cerebellum, hippocampus, parietal cortex, frontal lobe, occipital cortex, temporal cortex, midbrain, motor cortex, sensory cortex, and visual cortex) | Horvath et al. (2016) | |
| Human HD (cortex and liver) | De Souza et al. (2016) | |
| Human HD (blood) | Zadel et al. (2018) | |
| Human HD (blood, lymphoblastoid cells, and fibroblasts) | Lu et al. (2020) | |
| HD sheep (blood) | Lu et al. (2020) | |
| Q175 Htt KI mice (striatum, cerebellum, liver, cortex, and blood) | Lu et al. (2020) | |
| Mouse striatal cell lines, STHdhQ7 and STHdhQ111 | Ng et al. (2013) | |
| 5hmC | YAC128 HD mice (striatum and cortex) | Wang et al. (2013a) |
| Histone modifications | Samples | Reference |
|
| ||
| H3K9ac, H3K14ac, H4K12ac | N171-82Q HD mice (hippocampus and cerebellum) | Valor et al. (2013) |
| H3K9ac, H3K14ac | R6/2 HD mice (striatum, 12 wk) | McFarland et al. (2012) |
| H3K27ac | Human HD (caudate nucleus and cerebellum) | Merienne et al. (2019) |
| R6/1 HD mice (striatum, 30 wk of age) | Achour et al. (2015) | |
| R6/1 HD mice (striatum, 8 wk) and CHL2 (Hdh(CAG)150) heterozygous KI mice | Yildirim et al. (2019) | |
| H3K4me3 | Human HD (NeuN positive neurons from prefrontal cortex) | Dong et al. (2015) |
| Human HD (NeuN positive neurons from prefrontal cortex) | Bai et al. (2015) | |
| R6/2 HD mice (striatum and cortex, 8 and 12 wk) | Vashishtha et al. (2013) | |
| Mouse ESC and NPC (Htt KO, mutant Htt KI) | Biagioli et al. (2015) | |
| H3K9me3 | Human ESC, NPC (HTT knockdown) | Irmak et al. (2018) |
| Mouse striatal cell lines, STHdhQ7 and STHdhQ111 | Lee et al. (2013) | |
| R6/2 HD mice (striatum 10wk; with or without nogalamycin treatment) | Lee et al. (2017a) | |
| H3K27me3 | Mouse ESC and NPC (Htt KO, mutant Htt KI) | Biagioli et al. (2015) |
| H3K36me3 | Mouse ESC and NPC (Htt KO, mutant Htt KI) | Biagioli et al. (2015) |
| H2Aub | R6/2 HD mice (striatum, 12 wk) | McFarland et al. (2013) |
Details are discussed in the text. The age of mice is indicated for R6/1 and R6/2 models (wk = weeks). ESC, embryonic stem cells; NPC, neural progenitor cells; KI, knock-in; KO, knockout; ac, acetylation; me, methylation; ub, ubiquitination; nogalamycin, an anthracycline antibiotic.