Table 6.
Biomarker distribution of children with and without albuminuria.
| Residential CKDu prevalence | Biomarker levels (ng/mgCr) median (IQR) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albuminuric children | Nonalbuminuric children | |||||
| N | KIM-1 | NGAL | N | KIM-1 | NGAL | |
|
Endemic (N = 327) |
6 |
0.534 (0.335–1.357) |
4.991 (3.407–18.23) |
321 |
0.187 (0.025–0.388) |
2.945 (1.801–5.506) |
|
Emerging (N = 313) |
4 |
0.089 (0.023–0.128) |
2.447 (1.995–2.745) |
309 |
0.080⁑ (0.004–0.226) |
2.518 (1.330–4.886) |
|
Non-endemic (N = 164) |
2 |
0.774 (0.003–1.545) |
2.311 (2.258–2.364) |
162 |
0.040 † (0.001–0.240) |
3.366 (1.728–5.170) |
| Overall | 12 |
0.331* (0.087–0.883) |
3.028 (2.284–5.744) |
792 |
0.112 (0.003–0.306) |
2.961 (1.548–5.149) |
Albuminuria was defined as urinary ACR ≥ 30 mg/g. Statistical comparison of biomarkers in nonalbuminuric children among the three prevalence categories is expressed as implied by Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s multiple comparison test. Comparison of overall biomarker levels between albuminuric and nonalbuminuric groups is given according to Mann–Whitney U test. ⁑Significant compared to emerging group (p = 0.0002), †significant compared to non-endemic group (p = 0.0001), *significant compared to the nonalbuminuric group (p = 0.032).
KIM-1 kidney injury molecule-1, NGAL neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin, ACR albumin creatinine ratio.