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. 2022 May 16;5:410. doi: 10.1038/s42003-022-03350-8

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — The length refers to the number of different single units. The number of single units in the utterance is indicated on the x axis. The y axis depicts the number of recordings (log-transformed for ease of visualization). All utterances with one to seven single units (in dark blue) are produced by both sexes while utterances with eight or more single units (in light blue) are only produced by females. The number on top of each bar in blue indicates the number of individuals producing utterances of this particular length. The red box indicates the data used in the bigram analysis (Figs. 2 and 3) and the orange box indicates the data used in the trigram analysis (Fig. 4).