Fig. 1.

Example preparation of a cadaver. a All soft tissue was removed. b, c The coracoid was osteotomized at 25 mm from the tip, using an oscillating surgical saw. d The width of the glenoid defect was evaluated using a metal ruler and drawn onto the bone with a waterproof pen. e A 1-mm K-wire was placed at the center of the graft, and the graft was temporarily attached to the glenoid defect. f A parallel drill guide (article number AR-5024, Arthrex, Naples, Florida, USA) was used to ensure identical screw placement for all specimens, taking the first K-wire as the reference point. g The embedded scapulae were fixed at a 30° angle to the actuator of the servohydraulic testing machine. h The overall test set-up, including the servohydraulic testing machine