TABLE 2.

Different exercise types on human Osteoarthritis (OA).

Researchers	Number of studies/subjects	Intervention studied	Exercise effect
Vincent et al., 2019	N = 90	Eccentric and Concentric Resistance Exercise	Modify function and pain symptoms
DeVita et al., 2018	N = 30	Quadriceps strength training	Increase muscle strength and improve symptomatic and functional outcomes
Abbott et al., 2013	N = 206	Manual therapy and exercise therapy	Improve knee joint function of patients
Lund et al., 2008	N = 79	A land-based exercise	Improve pain and muscle strength
Chen S.-M. et al., 2019	N = 70	Resistance Exercise	Improve muscle strength, dynamic balance and body function
Kabiri et al., 2018	N = 78	Aerobic exercise combined with resistance training	Relieve pain and improve function
Allen et al., 2021	N = 345	Stepped exercise	Improve the symptoms of the patient
Bennell et al., 2014b	N = 100	Neuromuscular versus quadriceps strengthening exercise	Relieve pain and improve function
Ettinger et al., 1997	N = 439	An aerobic or a resistance exercise	Relieve pain and improve function
Suzuki et al., 2019	N = 52	Multiple exercise	Improve muscle strength and joint flexibility
Krauß et al., 2014	N = 209	Exercise Therapy	Relieve pain and improve function
León-Ballesteros et al., 2020	N = 32	Quadriceps strengthening exercise	Relieve pain
Rewald et al., 2020	N = 55	Aquatic Cycling	Relieve pain and improve function
Chen H. et al., 2019	N = 171	A home-based exercise	Relieve symptoms, increase the physical functioning, and improve quality of life
Alkatan et al., 2016	N = 48	Swimming and Cycling Training	Reduce joint pain and stiffness and improve muscle strength and functional capacity
Silva et al., 2008	N = 64	Water-based and land-based exercises	Relieve pain and improve function
Kuntz et al., 2018	N = 31	Yoga	Relieve pain and improve function
Huang et al., 2018	N = 250	Quadriceps functional exercise	Relieve pain and improve function
Taglietti et al., 2018	N = 31	Aquatic exercises	Relieve pain and improve function
Vincent and Vincent, 2020	N = 88	Resistance exercise	Relieve pain
Holm et al., 2021	N = 90	Strength training	Relieve pain
Waller et al., 2017	N = 87	High intensity aquatic resistance training	Decrease fat mass and improve walking speed
Fernandes et al., 2017	N = 165	Neuromuscular exercise	Improve the quality of life of patients
Ferraz et al., 2018	N = 48	Resistance Training	Relieve pain and increase muscle strength
Hsu et al., 2021	N = 66	Resistance Training	The body composition, blood biochemistry and lower limb function of patients were improved.
Devrimsel et al., 2019	N = 60	Neuromuscular electrical stimulation	Relieve pain and improve function
Hinman et al., 2007	N = 71	Aquatic physical therapy	Relieve pain and improve physical function, strength, and quality of life
Xiao et al., 2021	N = 68	A Wuqinxi exercise	Relieve pain and improve function
Yuenyongviwat et al., 2020	N = 86	Hip abductor strengthening exercises	Expedite improvement of less pain, symptoms, activity in daily living and quality of life
Rabe et al., 2018	N = 42	The Combined Application of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation and Volitional Contractions	Alleviate pain and improve physical performance
Lai et al., 2018	N = 40	Strength exercise	Improve the knee flexion proprioception
Steinhilber et al., 2017	N = 210	Tübingen exercise therapy	Increase muscle strength
Kuptniratsaikul et al., 2019	N = 80	Underwater treadmill exercise	Relieve pain and improve function
Oliveira et al., 2012	N = 100	Quadriceps strengthening exercises	Improve pain, function, and stiffness
Wang et al., 2007	N = 38	Aquatic exercise	Improve knee and hip flexibility, strength and aerobic fitness
Nery et al., 2021	N = 60	A progressive resistance exercise	Relieve pain and improve function
Wang et al., 2016	N = 39	Whole-body vibration training with quadriceps strengthening exercise	Improve symptoms, physical function and spatiotemporal parameters
Pisters et al., 2010	N = 200	Behavioral graded activity	Increase the patient’ s exercise compliance and physical activity
An et al., 2013	N = 28	Baduanjin	Relieve pain and improve function
Trans et al., 2009	N = 52	Whole body vibration	Increase muscle strength and proprioception
Sevick et al., 2000	N = 439	Resistance training	Improve physical function
Ojoawo et al., 2016	N = 45	Proprioceptive exercises	Relieve pain and joint stiffness
Villadsen et al., 2014	N = 165	Neuromuscular exercise	Relieve pain and improve activity of daily living
Wang et al., 2021	N = 128	Quadriceps strengthening exercises	Relieve pain, increase physical function, improve self-efficacy and improve quality of life.
Jorge et al., 2015	N = 29	Progressive resistance exercise	Relieve pain, improve function and improve quality of life.
Penninx et al., 2002	N = 439	Aerobic and resistance exercise	Relieve pain and improve walking speed.
Simão et al., 2012	N = 32	Whole-body vibration training	Improve patients’ self-perception of pain, balance, gait quality and inflammatory markers.
Lun et al., 2015	N = 72	Hip and leg strengthening exercise	Improve pain, function, and quality of life
Maurer et al., 1999	N = 113	Isokinetic quadriceps exercise	Relieve pain and improve function
Bruce-Brand et al., 2012	N = 41	Resistance training and neuromuscular electrical stimulation	Improve function, disability and pain
Hiyama et al., 2012	N = 40	Walking exercise	Improve executive function and dual-task performance
Foley et al., 2003	N = 105	A hydrotherapy resistance exercise with a gym based resistance exercise	Improve muscle strength and function.
Tsauo et al., 2008	N = 60	Sensorimotor training	Improve the patients’ proprioception in the knee joints and their self-reported function
Topp et al., 2002	N = 102	Dynamic or isometric resistance training	Improve functional ability and reduce knee joint pain
Munukka et al., 2016	N = 87	Aquatic resistance training	Improve cardiorespiratory fitness
Samut et al., 2015	N = 42	Isokinetic and aerobic exercise training	Enhance muscle strength and functional ability
Wang et al., 2011	N = 84	Aquatic exercises and land-based exercises	Relieve pain, improve knee joint range of motion and quality of life
Chen P.-Y. et al., 2021	N = 68	Tai chi exercise	Enhance physical function
Song et al., 2003	N = 72	Tai chi exercise	Improve symptoms, balance, and physical functioning.